Development of balloonborne hard x-ray telescopes using a multilayer supermirror

Keisuke Tamura; Koujun Yamashita; Hideyo Kunieda; Yuzuru Tawara; Akihiro Furuzawa; Kazutoshi Haga; Gyanendra S. Lodha; Norio Nakajo; Norihiko Nakamura; Takashi Okajima; Osamu Tsuda; Peter J. Serlemitsos; Jack Tueller; Robert Petre; Yasushi Ogasaka; Yang Soong; Kai-Wing Chan

doi:10.1117/12.278858

11 July 1997 Development of balloonborne hard x-ray telescopes using a multilayer supermirror

Keisuke Tamura, Koujun Yamashita, Hideyo Kunieda, Yuzuru Tawara, Akihiro Furuzawa, Kazutoshi Haga, Gyanendra S. Lodha, Norio Nakajo, Norihiko Nakamura, Takashi Okajima, Osamu Tsuda, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Jack Tueller, Robert Petre, Yasushi Ogasaka, Yang Soong, Kai-Wing Chan

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 3113, Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-Ray Optical Systems; (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.278858
Event: Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, 1997, San Diego, CA, United States

Abstract

We present new results in the development of high throughput hard x-ray telescopes with multilayer supermirror coatings. Basic techniques to make the supermirror are at first developed in deposition of constant d spacing multilayers. The reflector of multilayer on the float glass achieves high reflectivity, limited by the surface roughness of substrate, while, we need more improvement in getting comparable reflectivity of multilayers on the replica foil. We put the mask just in front of sample, it reduced the nonuniformity of the thickness less than 2%. In order to maximize the effective area and field of view, we have optimized the supermirror parameters; d spacing, number of layer pairs, and thickness ratio of heavy and light element. Multiblock method is introduced to design the supermirror, and it gives high reflectivity of approximately 30% in the 25 - 40 keV band. A test supermirror sputtered on a glass sample exhibits reasonable reflectivities of about 20 - 30%. We designed a telescope system with 45 cm diameter, 20 cm mirror length in two stage, and focal length of 8 m. The effective area of four such telescopes is 320 cm² for the x rays between 25 and 40 keV. We plan the application of this type of telescope to the balloon experiment named InFOC(mu) S to reveal hard x-ray images of clusters of galaxies or supernova remnants.

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Keisuke Tamura, Koujun Yamashita, Hideyo Kunieda, Yuzuru Tawara, Akihiro Furuzawa, Kazutoshi Haga, Gyanendra S. Lodha, Norio Nakajo, Norihiko Nakamura, Takashi Okajima, Osamu Tsuda, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Jack Tueller, Robert Petre, Yasushi Ogasaka, Yang Soong, and Kai-Wing Chan "Development of balloonborne hard x-ray telescopes using a multilayer supermirror", Proc. SPIE 3113, Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-Ray Optical Systems, (11 July 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.278858

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