Overview of basic spectroscopic properties of several crystals belonging to two wide families of compounds is presented. Both the families form tetragonal crystals with layered structure and show certain structural disorder resulting from random distribution of divalent A atoms and trivalent B atoms. After presenting some details concerning the crystal growth and structural investigation, the nature of activator sites in the matrices is discussed. Then, the emission spectra as well as relaxation dynamics of Nd3+, Yb3+, and Tm3+ are analyzed. After that, the basic spectroscopic features of chromium doped crystals are given. In conclusion, suitability of the crystals for the design of tunable lasers is discussed.
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