Practical gold thin-film photocathodes for advanced electron-beam lithography

Suresh Gosavi; Jack M. McCarthy; C. Neil Berglund; William A. Mackie; L. A. Southall

doi:10.1117/12.373346

30 December 1999 Practical gold thin-film photocathodes for advanced electron-beam lithography

Suresh Gosavi, Jack M. McCarthy, C. Neil Berglund, William A. Mackie, L. A. Southall

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Proceedings Volume 3873, 19th Annual Symposium on Photomask Technology; (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373346
Event: Photomask Technology and Management, 1999, Monterey, CA, United States

Abstract

Photocathodes have been proposed as a technology for achieving multiple independently modulated electron beams for advanced electron-beam lithography applications. Thin-film gold photocathodes are of particular interest because they offer the potential of practical multi-beam electron sources that can be easily fabricated using thin-film deposition techniques without special environmental or handling techniques to achieve the desired stability and performance. A series of gold thin films were deposited on sapphire, using a developed baseline process and subsequently studied for photoemission in the 200 to 300 nm range. The study focused on the impact of surface chemistry, thermally driven microstructural changes, and adsorbed gases on photoemission. We have achieved current densities between 1 - 4 amp/cm² with electron energies spread of less than 0.5 eV (laser illumination wavelength of 257 nm). The maximum current values, stability and minimum emitter spot size are limited primarily by excess temperature rise in the film caused by the laser illumination. In this paper we propose time, temperature and environmental dependent degradation mechanisms of gold thin film photocathodes which verifies their potential for advanced electron-beam lithography applications.

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Suresh Gosavi, Suresh Gosavi, Jack M. McCarthy, Jack M. McCarthy, C. Neil Berglund, C. Neil Berglund, William A. Mackie, William A. Mackie, L. A. Southall, L. A. Southall, "Practical gold thin-film photocathodes for advanced electron-beam lithography", Proc. SPIE 3873, 19th Annual Symposium on Photomask Technology, (30 December 1999); doi: 10.1117/12.373346; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373346

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