The action spectrum for light-induced damage to the retina results from wavelength dependent transmission of the pre-retinal ocular media, wavelength dependent absorption in retinal chromophores, and chromatic aberration of the eye optics. While various light/tissue interaction mechanisms have been implicated, thermal mechanisms dominate in the red and near-infrared for all exposure durations and in the visible for exposures shorter than a few seconds. A number of investigators have measured the transmission of the eye and the spectra of retinal absorbers, and thermal models based on these data predict the broad features of the action spectrum. Dose/response studies with lasers conducted over the past 40 years have mainly validated the thermal models. However, thresholds for laser induced chorioretinal injury using q-switched pulses show a variability ofthreshold with small changes in wavelength
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