Damage resistant and low-stress Si-based multilayer mirrors

Torsten Feigl; Sergey A. Yulin; Thomas Kuhlmann; Norbert Kaiser

doi:10.1117/12.450958

20 December 2001 Damage resistant and low-stress Si-based multilayer mirrors

Torsten Feigl, Sergey A. Yulin, Thomas Kuhlmann, Norbert Kaiser

Proceedings Volume 4506, Soft X-Ray and EUV Imaging Systems II; (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.450958
Event: International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, 2001, San Diego, CA, United States

Abstract

Applications of multilayer mirrors for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) require not only a high normal incidence reflectivity but also a long lifetime and minimal residual stress. A serious problem of Mo-Si multilayers is the structural instability in the case of localized absorption of in- and outband radiation from the EUV source followed by the degradation of the multilayer. A number os solutions have been envisaged in the past, including the use of compound materials (MoSi₂Si) as well as the use of C barrier layers. We focused our interest on two Si-based systems: Mo/Si and Mo₂C/Si multilayer mirrors. The mirrors were designed for normal incidence reflectivity at about 13 nm wavelength and were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Maximum normal incidence reflectivities of 68.4%12.8 nm for Mo/Si multilayer mirrors and 66.8%12.8 nm for Mo₂C/Si have been achieved. Investigating the thermal stability of the multilayers in the temperature range from 300 degree(s)C to 500 degree(s)C we found that the reflectivity of Mo/Si mirrors is drastically decreasing after annealing above 300 degree(s)C, whereas the Mo₂C/Si multilayers show a superior stability up to 400 degree(s)C...500 degree(s)C. Another problem of EUV multilayer mirrors is the large residual compressive stress (-400 to - 500 MPa), which causes undesirable distortion of the substrate figure. The reduction of residual stress of Mo/Si and Mo₂C/Si multilayers with annealing has been investigated. Using a slow thermal annealing (1 degree(s)C/min), it is possible to reduce the stress from -520 MPa to zero by heating the Mo/Si samples up to 310 degree(s)C. However, this results ina reflectivity drop of about 3...4%. On the other hand one can reduce the stress of a Mo₂C/Si multilayer from -490 MPa to zero by annealing without a considerable reflectivity drop.

Citation Download Citation

Torsten Feigl, Sergey A. Yulin, Thomas Kuhlmann, and Norbert Kaiser "Damage resistant and low-stress Si-based multilayer mirrors", Proc. SPIE 4506, Soft X-Ray and EUV Imaging Systems II, (20 December 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.450958

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