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14 July 2003 Insertion loss reduction in high-speed polymer electro-optic modulators using tapered waveguide, fiber tip lenses, and modification of waveguide structures
De Yu Zang; Golden Shu; Travis Downing; Weiping Lin; Choon Oh; James H. Bechtel
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Proceedings Volume 4991, Organic Photonic Materials and Devices V; (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475446
Event: Integrated Optoelectronics Devices, 2003, San Jose, CA, United States
Abstract
Optical insertion loss improvement is needed for high-speed, electrooptic polymer waveguide modulators. The insertion loss is mainly attributed to fiber end-coupling loss caused by mode mismatch between the fiber and the polymer waveguide. Three approaches of reducing end-coupling loss have been pursued: tapered waveguides, fiber tip lenses and modification of the waveguide structure. Tapered waveguides can be accomplished using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) and shadow or gray-scale mask techniques. Experimental results have shown that the best coupling loss improvement up to 3 dB per end-coupling can be achieved by tapered waveguide. Fiber tip lens technique has been currently investigated for improving end-coupling loss. Preliminary testing results using fiber tip lenses have been encouraging showing a 1.5 - 3.5 dB improvement per end-coupling. The fiber tip lens technique provides a reliable and repeatable approach for loss reduction for high-speed polymer modulators. Modifying a highly asymmetric rib waveguide to a symmetric buried channel waveguide will greatly improve coupling efficiency.
© (2003) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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De Yu Zang, Golden Shu, Travis Downing, Weiping Lin, Choon Oh, and James H. Bechtel "Insertion loss reduction in high-speed polymer electro-optic modulators using tapered waveguide, fiber tip lenses, and modification of waveguide structures", Proc. SPIE 4991, Organic Photonic Materials and Devices V, (14 July 2003); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.475446
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