The plethysmograph, which can measure plethysmogram, velocity plethysmogram and acceleration plethysmogram, is designed. The plethysmogram of fingertip is measured by photocensor. Some artificial stress is imposed on subjects and the plethysmogram is measured before and after the stress is put on. The plethysmogram is analyzed by plotting the return map in chaos theory, which enables us to discuss the characteristics of stress clearly in a visual way. The fractal dimension of the plethysmogram as a time series is also calculated to discuss complexity of the plethysmogram quantitatively. It is shown to be useful to the diagnosis of heart disease.

Sensing properties of the bare FBG have theoretically and experimentally been studied in this study, and then a temperature compensation method for FBG strain sensors was proposed. Due to the fragility of bare FBG, a technique of encapsulating bare FBG in a capillary steel tube was developed and the strain and temperature sensing properties of the encapsulated FBG were furthermore studied. With the consideration of the practical application in civil infrastructures, the technique of FBG to adhere or embed on steel and in reinforced concrete structures was studied. With successfully affixing and embedding bare FBGs and encapsulated FBGs sensors on a steel truss and in a reinforced concrete beam, respectively, the experiment of using the above FBG sensors to monitor the structural strain and deformation process. In order to verify the quasi-distribution sensing ability of FBG, the test that 3 bare FBGs were connected one by one and adhered on a steel truss was done and the independently sensing strain ability was found. Finally, FBGs strain sensors were successfully embedded in a reinforced concrete bridge to monitor the strain history and distribution under construction and in service. The measuring signals indicated that the embedded FBGs could precisely and long-term monitor the strain history, therefore, they can be employed to evaluate the fatigue life for the bridge.

The present and the potential performances of opto-electronic elements such as a laser diode (LD), a photo diodes (PD) and an optical waveguide for optical interconnects are described. The fabrication and the integration technologies of the opto-electronic chips are also mentioned. The topics to be highlighted include: (1) the state of the art of vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes for optical interconnects, (2) the performance analysis of the optical interconnects with integrated optical waveguides and free space optics, and (3) opto-electronic integration technology: hybrid-integration technique, receiver and transmitter design for on-chip and intra-chip optical interconnects.

In this paper, development of a novel optical diameter gauge is described. In order to eliminate the influence of wire vibration in the high moving speed, the semiconductor laser diode with 1.2μs exposure time aperture were used to be the illuminating light soruces, a CCD-lien sensors wtih 5000 elements and 7μm*7μm element area were applied to guage the diameter of the object. Data acquistion unit consists of high speed A/D converter, single chip processor, DMA and SRAM to process the signal data digitally in order to gain the high accuracy. The instrument obtained 0.7μm on line dynamic accuracy finally.

A sensor of absolute angle of inclination based on effect of retention of spatial orientation of border between liquid and air inside inclined encasement with using optical fibers for readout of border's location is developed. The measuring angle range is 0÷1°, threshold sensitivity - 0.02°. The sensor can be used in precision measuring systems for monitoring the absolute angle of inclination of structural elements of buildings.

The exterior loading influecne on the optical fiber cable properties discussed. Is shown, that the big extent of the optical fiber transmission lines (OFTL) on Russia it is possible to create at presence of a particular theoretical and experimental material on the OFTL operation on the basis of already existing lines the original spatially distributed network of physical quantities sensors. The fundamental possibility of realizing of the similar concepts is verified by the experience of the OFTL operation by the Rostelecom and Irkutskenergo companies.

The developed method and device of detecting of local and integrated deformation of the case allow distance in a wide range of change of pressure and frequencies to calculate parameters of the SDS, indirectly to analyze and to determine functions of transformation of mechanical and thermal not regulated influences while in service, including not regular situations. The method and device are based on: 1) sounding by test optical radiation of optical windows created in a design of potential danger objects, which functions in conditions of action accompanying and ineradicable DHF; 2) receptin opposites in phase opposition of the modulated optical beams; 3) differential measurement mechancial deformation, extending in the case PDO; 4) measurement of residual deformation in units of a measuring grid. For a range of measurements of deformation from 0 up to 108 Pa and up to 107 Hz at temperature of object up to 500 To is developed and tested a breadboard model of the device. In comparison with known methods the considered method of detecting has the increased sensitivity and extended range of measurement in support with high hinderancedefence from action of the accompanying parasitic factors of a various physical anuter, high efficiency and relative simplicity of realization.

The block diagram of the device intended for data processing organize from fiber-optical measuring network (FOMN), modeling and controlling parameters of the temperature field for FOMN is submitted. The principle of functioning 1-Wire netowrk standard lays in the basis of the device. The practical realization of this system allows to collect optical information from 15 fiber-optical measuring lines (FOML), formed the FOMN with packing 4x4, convert optical information into digital signals and delivery digital information about intensity of laser radiation into FOML. The part of modeling and controlling the parameters of the temperature field is necessary to form a matrix of connections of optical neural network.

The quality and reply code capability is a most important system factor of FOLS and other systems digital data transfer. To a considerable extent, quality reply code capability depends on finding the mistakes in process of issue of information and their correction. The size of sent informaiton is defined by the range of frequency of light modulations spreading in the FOLS. In this work is the description of original method of finding and corrections of mistakes in process a data transfer, as well as is considered possibility of using waveguide electrooptical VHF modulator with original circuital (diagrammatic) decision that enables to reach efficient modulation within the range of frequencies from 0-14 GHz.

In this work we present the fiber optical distributed network deformation measuring. This netowrk consists of a set of long fiber optical measuring lines. Each line is two-mode interferometer. Tomography method of data gathering is used in this network. Experimental results of lateral deformation amplitude measuring are presented.

The construction of a flow volume sensor on the base of tachometric-impeller flowmeter with a fiber-optcial method of collecting and transmitting of an information signal is offered.

Theoretical and experimental aspects of frequency-bounded vibration investigations were observed. It was shown, that stroboscopic holography has an advantage in comparison with other ones. Digital calculation shows that the result depends on accuracy of setting the phases of stobe pulses. Thus, it is necessary to apply very precise driver for the creation of laser pulses in needed phases. Experimetnal set-up for stroboscopic holographic investigation of obunded vibration by using continue-wave laser was described. Experimental investigations have shown that stroboscopic technique allows to separate different mode-shapes vibrating simultaneously. Pulse laser and digital holographic technique was applied to frequency-bounded vibrational investigations as well. The results of digital evaluations of separated mode-shapes were presented.

Authors made a research in computer modeling of invariant correltaion filters design. The results of modeling shows good perspective of such approach for solution of image recognition problems. The aim of research is to find a type of filters that gives a stability of correlation peak for different geometrical distortions.

It is offered to use the methods of the optical superresolution based on the redistribution of spatial, temporal and polarization degrees of freedom of the optical image conception for the holograms protection against a falcification. On an example of optical synthesis of the aperture (OSA) at recording of the Fourier holograms the principles and possibilities superresolving methods of coding are discussed. The peculiarities of the method OSA associated with appearances of the self-image of periodic coherent fields (Talbot's effect) are considered.

Dichromated gelatin (DG) is widely used in holography with traditional water developing technique, but it is possible to use one as the real time recording media under the hot vapor developing as well as the self developing DG-modification. The absence of postexposure processing allows to use it for in-situ experiments. The recorded hologram is the result of conformational changes in the structure of a gelatin system. It is the result of hierarchy of sequential structural gelatin marcomolecules modifications. Characteristics of these processes can be effectively controlled at the levels of the primary (the chemical composition of emulsion) and ternary (coil-globule transitions for the entire macromolecule) structures of the SD DG system. We analyzed the influence of IR laser annealing and/or special highly hardened gelatin sublayer on the gelatination acceleration and resulting diffraction efficiency of layers with thickness more than 1 mm. The properties of non-classical new version of DG systems are discussed.

The study of processes in nonlinear ring interferometer (NRI) is actual in connection with the interest to optical information processing, development of algorithms permitting to realize on base of NRI a continual logic. Bifurcation diagrams (BD) reflecting the relation of U from factor of the non-linearity K and the phase delay ωt_e of the light field in circuit of feedback are constructed under various values of parameters. It is shown that the changes in a structure of BD have periodic character. The decreasing of angle Δ in two times beginning with Δ=π causes the appearance, growth and complicating of "like as a fractal" areas. The complicating displayed in increasing of number of closed loops of bistability forming "like as a fractal" area.

The results of the mathematical calculations for the tooth bridge prostheses are discussed. Holographic interferometry with double exposition is used for verification of the model calculation results.

This paper presents feasibility studies of a multispectral moving target detection (MTD) system designed to detect and track low-signature moving targets. The system performs multispectral detection based on linear and nonlinear maximum discrimination and representation features (MRDF) for low-signature target detection and correlation tracking of slowly moving targets in clutter. Multispectral detection was tested against multispectral data from an acousto-optic tunable filter in the visible and near IR. The feasibility of correlation target tracking was demonstrated with actual Army MICOM FLIR long wavelength IR images of moving vehicles and tanks in clutter.

Possibilities of the laser manipulation with microscopic objects could be sufficiently expanded by using of the beams with predetermined spatial intensity and orbital momentum density distributions in the focusing plane. The experiments on the visualization of the wave front of the beams with nonzero orbital momentum by using controllable liquid crystal plate are described. The experimental results presented on trapping, rotation and motion along a specified trajecotry of absorbing particles by means of the beams.

Determined methods for the measure of shift of object as a whole by means of holographic interferometry briefly discussed. Attempt is made to perfect these methods to enter a shift of test of object under investigation (or a collimating lens of the reference beam) at a time lag between opening along the optical axis. This procedure allows this to define a direction (sign) shift of explored object in own plane. Detailed theoretical analysis of writing double-undefended holograms Fourier with the multifunction shift of phase is given.

The possibility of use of nonlinear ring interferometer (NRI) for protect of information was shown by the authors earlier. How does the mismatch of the principal physical factors influence error of deciphering in model of cryptosystme based on NRI? It appears that this error can be submitted as a wave process. The anlysistical expressions of amplitude and phase of this process are obtained. These expressions do not contradict results of author's simulations. A possibility of delay time cracking by means of correlation analysis and number of keys of stipulated by nonlinearity parameter variations is discussed.

The problem of optimization of training of the neural networks perceptron type is considered. The method of the select of parameter of the speed of training based on combination of optimum parameters is offered: optimum parameter selected before the beginning training and the optimum parameter after the first cycle of training. The mathematical calculations and deductions of optimum parameter of the speed of training represented. The numerical modeling on an example of the neural networks perceptron type is realized. Is shown that the combination optimum parameter of the speed of training on a first step of training with optimum parameter of the speed of training received previously improves the result of training more than on 0,24% and the speed of training more than one and a half.

An experimental studying of adaptive processing a single-fiber multimode interferometer's signal by means of a photorefractive crystal is presented. Opportunity of developing an adaptive processing system on the base of two photorefractive effects (polarization self-modulation and self-diffraction) is investigated and discussed. A simple mathematical model of a space-charge field forming in the photorefractive crystal under influence of an alternating optical field is considered. Frequency response of the self-diffraction and the polarization self-modulation effects in the photorefractive crystal is calculated on the base of this model.

The method of output signal processing for distributed fiber-optical measuring networks is developed. This method is based on neurel-like principles of data processing. Mathematical model of the three-layered perceptron was used for reconstruction of physical field distribution measured by fiber-optic distributed network.

Optoelectronic method for non-contact reconstructing surface profile of large size 3D objects is investigated in this paper. Optimal parameters for measuring are proposed. It is shown that the given method, as against known, does not require fine tuning of equipment. Numerical method for minimization of errors caused by aberrations distortions is proposed. The step-by-step cells method that allows increasing measurement accuracy.

It is derived the relation between input and output Gaussian beam parameters (beam waist size, spot size at reference plane, radius of curvature of wave-front and distance between reference plane and beam waist) in terms of Gaussian brackets.

Organic materials are becoming widely used in optical fields due to their many advantageous properties such as flexibility, ruggedness, and low cost. In particular, application of organic polymer to an optical amplifier and/or a laser oscillator has attracted much attention recently. In these circumstances, we have demonstrated a novel solid-state dye-laser by using organic thin film made of Rhodamine B (Rh-B)-doped UV-cured polymer as gain medium, in which distributed feedback operation has been achieved by inducing a periodic gain structure onto the gain medium. However, the characteristics of the lasing output of such a laser oscillator have still not been examined. In this paper we shall thus present a numerical analysis of lasing output of the solid-state dye laser with a photo-induced periodic-gain. Since in the photo-induced DFB operation an interference fringe of lightwave is used for pumping a periodic-gain stucture onto the gain medium, the output power strongly depends on the shape of the interference pattern. Using several parameters obtained in the experiments, dependences of output power on the visibility and average power of the pumping interference pattern are numerically calculated. In addition, the effects of gain saturation against the pump energy are also discussed from the viewpoint of practical applications.

Distribution of equal laser power into numerous optical fibers is often required for optical sensors, correlation optics, and related metrology. To do so some optical elements have been usually adopted in extracavity scheme. In this paper we shall propose a novel method to couple an equal lasing power into multioptical fibers into intracavity configuration. Mounting numerous optical fibers on the donut-shaped window of a coupling mirror of laser resonator by setting its transmittance at the optimum value, we can extrat the lasing power equally into optical fibers with in phase. As an example of experimental demonstration the numerical calculation will be given for a combination of a CO₂ laser and AsS IR fiber.

The operation principle and model of hybrid FRA is discussed. Hybrid FRA consisting of general fiber G652 and DCF includes DCT + G652, G652 + DCF and G652 + DCF + G652. The optimum design of hybrid FRA has been done by using optimum design software of FRA--OptiAmplifier 3.03. The best structure is G652 + DCF. It has many advantages: dispersion compensation of network, wide operation wavelength range (That depend on pump laser wavelength). The configuration has been set up and researched. Using Raman laser (1427nm) as an excited source, Raman gain spectrum of optical fiber and small signal amplification spectrum of is measured by optical spectrum analyzer Q8384. The hybrid FRA has gain bandwidths of 88nm in S and C band. It will increase the transmission channels of fiber communication network.

The backscattering spectrum of optical fiber has been measured by use 1427 nm Raman laser and Q8384 optical spectrum analyzer and Stokes and anti-Stokes ZX band backscattering spectrum has been first observed and discussed, ZX band frequency shift is 1THz, bandwidth 3THz(3dB). Optimum design of S-band negative dispersion DCF discrete fiber Raman amplifier has been researched by OPTIAMP DESIGN 3.3 SOFTWARE (made in Canada Optiwave Corporation) and gain spectrum and gain vs. power of DCF discrete fiber Raman amplifier have been measured, practical including Stokes ZX band backscattering gain effect. Pump on/off small signal gain is 13dB (pump power 700mw; fiber 5.1km) and gain band width is 88nm (1440nm-1528nm). The operation principle, configuration and performance of distributed fiber Raman temperature sensors system has been researched. Amplification of anti-Stokes spontaneity Raman scattering (ARS) effect of fiber and its temperature effect has been first observed and discussed. It has been applied to 30km distributed FRS system.

In this paper, optical limiting effect based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a nonlinear medium has been demonstrated. First, nonlinear propagation has been numerically analyzed and computationally treated in the transient SBS progress. Optical limiting, stabilization and output pulses have been shown theoretically when high-power laser pulses enter a SBS medium. Experimental investigation of optical limiting performances predicted by theory has been conducted within a nonlinear medium CCl₄. The input optical signa is Nd:YAG nanosecond laser pulse with width 2ns. The limiting characteristics depending on varied physical parameters such as focus, cell length of SBS medium CCl₄ and separation between cell and lens have been investigated. The good pulse shape of envelope of the transmitted pulse train and a superior constant output energy have been obtained when the SBS occurs. The relative fluctuation for transmitted signal is about ± 7% while relative fluctuation for laser pulse is ± 13%.

Here we present the analysis of processes happening in a volume of a beam of monochromatic polarized radiation. This analysis is carried out by the means of the function featuring in the space- and time-projections of a dot vector electrodynamic charge, propellented on a spiral, on two crossly perpendicular planes. All quantum properties (including of a spin presence) are explained. There is obtained, that the magnification of intensity of monomchromatic polarized radiation has a limit, which depends on a radiation wavelength. The formula for the calculation of a fine structure constant is obtained.

In this work we experimentally investigated dynamics of nonlinear process of record and reading of the hologram in photopolymer having photoinduced changing absorption. The record of the holograms was conducted under different angles between laser beams. The data of experiemnt have allowed to receive basic physical parameters of photopolymers on the base of the analytical model of recording processes. The researched photopolymer was made in Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Separation of a Russian Academy of Sciences.

In this work we created analytical model of dynamics of nonlinear process of record and reading of the hologram in photopolymer taking into account photoinduced absorption of photopolymer. The anlytical model is based on the equations Lorentz-Lorenz and relations of the theory photopolymerization. Photoinduced absorption has been described with the help of the logarithmic function on the base of experimental data

A simple empirical way to classify the known tantalates and to search for new efficient crystals is presented. As a basic criterion the shortest chemical bond length L(E, M-O) between cation and oxygen in crystal lattice is taken. Here the cations E and M are defined by the relation L(E-O)≤197 pm <L(M-O). In the plane L(M-O) - L(E-O) the acentric tantalate crystals are positioned inside of three intersected ellipses of "acentricity". The tantalate crystals with high non-linear and others physical paramaters are concentrated near few direct lines into the ellipses or positioned near the boundary of the rosette revealing inmonotonic dependency of the properties on the shortest chemical bond lengths. The representation gives the principles for searching novel tantalate crystals with desired properties, in particular, permits to reveal the compounds promising for creation new self-frequency-doubling laser mediums.

KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals are of great importance for acousto-, electro- and nonlinear optical applications. In this study a full set of elastic coefficients has been determined for KTP by the interference acoustooptical method. Also, near full set of elastooptic coefficients, besides p₄₄, p₅₅ and p₆₆ has been measured by Dixon's method.

The memory system based on the Seebeck effect in polymorphous alloys with constant chemical composition is proposed. The physical mechanism for the operating regime of the thermogalvanic digital data storing device is discussed. Construction realization of such system is considered too.

The function of dispersion interferometer with the investigated medium between the two crystals as well as inside the laser resonator in the constant-constant approximation taking into account the changes of the interacting wave phases is analyzed. This approximation allows the effects of phase mismatch and losses in a medium on the course of a nonlinear process to be taken into account simultaneously. Intensity minima of the harmonic (as opposed to the constant-field approximation) in the constant-intensity approximation are shown to depend on dispersion of the refractive index of the medium under study, which makes it possible to determine dispersion of the refractive index of the substance under study directly and accurately. It is shown that the use of the nonlinear conditions of dispersion interferometer with the medium inside the laser resonator allows to increase the interferometer sensitivity.

The photoinduced changes of optical constants in As₂S₃ films were experimentally studied according to the wave length of initiating radiation at different exposure temperatures. It was determined that the irradiation leads not only to shift but also to change in a slope of the Urbach absorption margin. It was shown that the basic experimental relationships describing the photoinduced changes of optical constants conform with a model of heterogenous medium with a local heating of microareas.

By using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, we studied the orientation of liquid crystal 5CB absorbed on nano-roughened Ag and Au electrodes. Our results firstly suggest that the orientation of LC 5CB absorbed on nano-roughened Ag electrode is different from that of Au electrode. This implies that the interaction between LC 5CB and Ag is different from the interaction between LC 5CB and Au. The conclusion is that the orientation of LC 5CB absorbed on nano-roughened Ag electrode is perpendicular, and the orientation of LC 5CB absorbed on nano-roughened Au electrode is more complicated, including parallel, perpendicular and tilted.

Energy loss spectra of the ordered and disordered metal-silion surface phases available in literature are collected and analyzed. The ordered surface phases are shown to demonstrate energy loss features that are different from those of the clean metal and silicon. These features can be an indication of the formation of corresponding surface phase. The method of characteristic energy losses can be used for identification of the disordered surface phases that cannot be detected by conversional LEED of RHEED methods. One of the examples is disordered Si(111) √3 × √7-In surface phase that can be detected only by characteristic EELS peak near 13.5 eV.

It is reported about an activation of processes of plasmochemical etching of silicon, films of silicon dioxide and slices of crystalline piezoelectric quartz by some metals (Ag, Au, Cu, Sn, Pb, Na, K, Ca). The method of a catalytic plasmochemical etching of SiO₂ and Si under films of silver has been developed. The anomalously high etching speeds of SiO₂ and crystalline piezoelectric quartz (up to 2.5 microns/sec) were obtained. It was found, that the process of a catalytic etching under films Ag has an induction period, which duration depends on treatment ratings and a silver film thickness. The kinetics of the process has been investigated and its physicochemical model is offered.

Electrical conductivity of surface phases on silicon have been studied in ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature by four-point probe method. It has been shown that surface conductance of silicon substrate strongly depends on crystal and electronic structure of surface phases, surface morphology and density of atoms involved in surface phases formation. The atom adsorption, structural and morphological transformation lead to changing of long-order structure of surface phases and consequently in decreasing of electrical conductivity. It is shown that surface phases as new ultrathin 2D material presents additional conducting channel on silicon substrate and is believed to be promising in microelectronics technology.

Interface formation in Yb/Si(111) system has been investigated by AES and EELS spectroscopy and in situ Hall measurements at room temperature. It was established that interface formation process may be divided into five stages: 1) 2D growth of Yb (up to two monolayers), 2) intermixing and formation of 2D Yb silicide, 3) formation of 3D silicode islands, 4) growth of Yb on 3D silicide islands, 5) coalescence of 3D Yb-Yb silicide islands and formation of continuous Yb film. We attribute the observed conductivity character in Yb/Si(111) system to the evaluation of morphological and electrical properties of the growing Yb layer (2D Yb, silicide, metal) rather than to the changes within the space charge layer under the surface. Two-layer calculations have shown that holes are majority carriers in the deposited mobility and surface hole concentration within the coverage range below 6 ML where formation of a continuous Yb silicide film completes. Conductivity oscillations are explained by transition from semiconductor-type conductivity at the first growth stage (2D Yb growth) to metal-like conductivity of 2D and 3D Yb silicide films. It was shown that thin continuous Yb film (13 Ml) has the resistivity (16 μΩ-cm) close to the bulk refractory metals.

Solid phase multilayer growth technique of magnesium silicide (Mg₂Si) films with preliminary formation of templates, allowing to growth the thick (60-100 nm) Mg₂Si film, has offered. Optical function data have shown, that thick (60-80 nm) Mg₂Si films are the narrow band semiconductor with optical band gap of E_gopt = 0.75 eV and two absorption regions with the small state density at 0.75-2.1 eV and large state density at 2.3-6.2 eV on Mg₂Si cell, but in the second range about 3.0 electrons on Mg₂Si cell participate in formation of electronic structure. The integrated spectra of the dielectric function of Mg₂Si have been decomposed into the contributions from four non-interacting harmonic oscillators and the parameters of these oscillators were evaluated. It was established that the third harmonic oscillator (E_p=2.50 eV) with large oscillator strength introduces the main contribution into the dielectric function. The researches of electrical properties of thick magnesium silicide films on silicon also have shown, that they are narrow band semiconductors of p-type conductivity with energy band gap (E_gel=0.77 eV), in which the high mobility holes with high rate of their scattering was observed at temperature increase (μ~T-4.0). On temperature dependencies of carrier concentration two activation regions, connected to a generation of carriers through fundamental transition (0.77 eV) and second interband transition with energy 2.78 eV, have been found.