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The scratch standard. (MIL-0-13830A) is a cosmetic standard. that is effected by a visual comparison with a set of submasters that is in turn evaluated by comparison with a set of master standards. Both manufacture and certification of the submasters are somewhat unre-liable. In this paper, we show that the submasters can be classified. according to the relative power scattered at a relatively small angle. We have designed etched gratings with Which. to replace the submasters; these gratings have the appearance of scratches but diffract a broad peak between, 5 and 10 degrees off the axis of the incident beam. We have classified some prototypes both by comparison with the master standards and by a photo-electric measurement; agreement between. the two methods is good. We suggest that such gratings be used as the submasters and possibly that they be classified by a photoelectric rather than visual measurement.
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Matt Young, Eric G. Johnson Jr., Richard Goldgraben, "Tunable Scratch Standards," Proc. SPIE 0525, Measurement and Effects of Surface Defects & Quality of Polish, (3 September 1985); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.946347