Chalcogenide glasses and structures for quantum sensing

S. K. Sundaram; Bradley R. Johnson; M. J. Schweiger; J. E. Martinez; Brian J. Riley; Laxmikant V. Saraf; Norman C. Anheier Jr.; Paul J. Allen; John F. Schultz

doi:10.1117/12.517235

6 July 2004 Chalcogenide glasses and structures for quantum sensing

S. K. Sundaram, Bradley R. Johnson, M. J. Schweiger, J. E. Martinez, Brian J. Riley, Laxmikant V. Saraf, Norman C. Anheier Jr., Paul J. Allen, John F. Schultz

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5359, Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices; (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.517235
Event: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2004, 2004, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

Chalcogenide glasses are formed by combining chalcogen elements with IV-V elements. Among the family of glasses, As₂S₃, and As₂Se₃ are important infrared (IR) transparent materials for a variety of applications such as IR sensors, waveguides, and photonic crystals. With the promise of accessibility to any wavelengths between 3.5 and 16 μm using tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCL) and chalcogenides with IR properties that can be compositionally adjusted, ultra-sensitive, solid-state, photonic-based chemical sensing in mid-wave IR region is now possible. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been developing quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), chalcogenides, and all other components for an integrated approach to chemical sensing. Significant progress has been made in glass formation and fabrication of different structures at PNNL. Three different glass-forming systems, As-S, As-S-Se, and As-S-Ag have been examined for this application. Purification of constituents from contaminants and thermal history are two major issues in obtaining defect-free glasses. We have shown how the optical properties can be systematically modified by changing the chemistry in As-S-Se system. Different fabrication techniques need to be employed for different geometries and structures. We have successfully fabricated periodic arrays and straight waveguides using laser-writing and characterized the structures. Wet-chemical lithography has been extended to chalcogenides and challenges identified. We have also demonstrated holographic recording or diffraction gratings in chalcogenides.

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S. K. Sundaram, Bradley R. Johnson, M. J. Schweiger, J. E. Martinez, Brian J. Riley, Laxmikant V. Saraf, Norman C. Anheier Jr., Paul J. Allen, and John F. Schultz "Chalcogenide glasses and structures for quantum sensing", Proc. SPIE 5359, Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices, (6 July 2004); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.517235

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