The hydrogen sulfide absorption spectrum in the 8400 - 8900 cm^-1 spectral region, recorded at Kitt Peak National Observatory with Fourier transform spectrometer has been assigned and modeled within the effective Hamiltonian approach. Three hundred and fifty six precise energy levels were derived from the spectrum analysis for the (211), (112), (032), (131), and (230) states of the second decade. These levels were modeled using Watson-type rotational Hamiltonian with consideration strong Coriolis and weak Fermi resonance interactions. The RMS deviation of the fitting for the main H₂³²S isotope species represented 0.006 cm^-1 with 59 adjustable parameters. New evaluations of the vibrational energies E_v=8539.5617 cm^-1 for the (131)-(000) band, E_v=8637.1601 cm^-1 for the (032)-(000) band and E_v=8539.9253 cm^-1 for the (230)-(000) band have been obtained. The line intensities were fitted with rms deviation of 15%. The results obtained are compared with recent study.

The semiempirical calculation method of the dynamic polarizability function for the diatomic molecule has been proposed. In a frame of this method the transformation low of the static polarizability function for a molecule with the frequency of the incident field was shown. The static polarizability of a molecule has been represented as a piecewise continuous function which has correct asymptotic behaviour for small and large internuclear distances, and describes correctly the polarizability in a vicinity of the equilibrium internuclear distance for a molecule. The method was tested on the hydrogen molecule for which a good agreement of the calculated dynamic polarizability with the correct ab initio calculations has been obtained. The calculation results of the dynamic polarizability functions for the N₂ molecule for any internuclear distances in a frequency range 0-60000 cm^-1 are given.

In the framework of the semiempirical method the dipole moment function of the LiH molecule being in the ground electronic state has been obtained. This function is represented in the piecewise continuous curve in a range of internuclear distances R = [0,∞). The function has correct asymptotic behavior as for small as for large R and coincides with the experimental one in a vicinity of the equilibrium internuclear distance R_e. The experimental value of the second derivative of dipole moment function in the point R_e has been obtained, and the coefficient C₇ determining behavior of the dipole moment function for large R as C₇ / R⁷ was found.

The dependence of the polarizability of the molecular complexes X₂---Y from the distance between the Y atom and X₂ molecule, from the internuclear separation of the molecule X₂, and the orientation of the molecule X₂ in the complex has been theoretically investigated. The polarizability calculations of the complex were carried out within the framework of modified DID model in which the molecule forming the dimer is represented as two anisotropic effective atoms. The polarizability of these effective atoms was determined by the polarizability of the X₂ molecule and its orientation in the dimer. The polarizabilities of the complexes X₂---Y (X₂.=N₂, O₂ and Y = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) have been calculated.

When the DAN-2 (Refs. 1-3) remote spectroradiometer is operated for integral measurement of the content of minor atmospheric gases, it is often needed to use different types of the surface for calibration. This is connected, first of all, with enhancement of DAN-2 capabilities, for example, for indoor operation in extended room, for operation under the cloudy conditions, when calibration to the clear sky becomes impossible, for operation in coal strip mines, under urban conditions, etc. Different types of the surface used for calibration may significantly distort the reference spectrum, and this may lead to ambiguous results. The paper presents the experimental results obtained at DAN-2 calibration from the most characteristic surfaces of the following types: stack, roof, snow, building. These results are compared with the reference calibration signals from the sky. The results obtained are analyzed and interpreted.

The main product of O₂ photodissociation in Schumann - Runge continuum and in Ly α line and also O₃ photolysis in Hartley band is the excited atom of oxygen O(¹D). Electronic energy of this metastable level is redistributed at collisional and radiative processes in various channels. The suggested by us modern photochemical model of O₂ and O₃ photodissociation in the middle atmosphere includes in consideration transfer of electronic energy of atoms O(¹D) to electronic-vibrationally excited molecules O₂(b¹Σ⁺_g, v≤1) with the subsequent transfer of energy to the molecules O₂(a¹▵_g, v≤3). Except for it, we took into account formation of the molecules O₂(a¹▵_g, v≤5) in the ozone photolysis. The energy of O₂(a¹▵_g, v≤5) is transferred to the molecules O₂(a¹▵_g, v=0) and further to the O₂(X³Σ^-_g, v). At all stages of energy transformation the radiative and collisional losses of energy are possible thus the part of energy thermalizes. The obtained results essentially differ from the previous model of energy transfer, in which the kinetics of electronic-vibrationally excited oxygen molecules were not considered.

The paper reviews and describes a new approach to the problem of radiation transmission in dispersion medium with particles of irregular shape. This problem is based on the use of radiation scattering phase function as integral parameters obtained on the basis of two scattering phase functions represented in two perpendicular planes. This conception of the scattering phase function is adapted to streaming methods for the radiation transmission problem. The analysis of results has been carried out with the help of the coefficient of skewness of scattering phase function and angular distribution radiation of the scattering volume.

The paper is dealt with the rules of radiation transfer within stratified heterogeneous dispersion media. Research has been carried out in model media constituted of polystyrene latex with pre-set particle dimensions. A heterogeneous dispersion medium was achieved by a division into three homogeneous layers with different particles and hence different scattering phase functions of radiation. Transmission factors, reflectance and radiation yield through lateral faces have been detected in dependence of layer transposition. Experimental findings have been compared with design data.

In problems of optical location, communication, and energy transmission one frequently runs up against the problem of transporting radiant energy in the form of a light beam to an object located in a random inhomogeneous medium. Here, as a rule, it is necessary to maximize the amount of energy delivered to the object. As is well known, scattering of radiation by refractive index inhomogeneities of the medium leads to a decrease of the average intensity in the near-axial region of the light beam and to the appearance of intensity fluctuations, which taken together substantially degrade the energetic characteristics of the indicated systems.

The method of wavefront modes retrieval detected by an adaptive optics (AO) system using variations of the image is offered. In projection methods of the solution of phase retrieval problem the vectorial representation of the determination problem of generic point of m number of sets to apply known methods at m=2 is introduced.

Target-in-the-loop (TIL) wave propagation geometry represents perhaps the most challenging case for adaptive optics applications that are related with maximization of irradiance power density on extended remotely located surfaces in the presence of dynamically changing refractive index inhomogeneities in the propagation medium. We introduce a TIL propagation model that uses a combination of the parabolic equation describing outgoing wave propagation, and the equation describing evolution of the mutual coherence function (MCF) for the backscattered (returned) wave. The resulting evolution equation for the MCF is further simplified by the use of the smooth refractive index approximation. This approximation enables derivation of the transport equation for the returned wave brightness function, analyzed here using method characteristics (brightness function trajectories). The equations for the brightness function trajectories (ray equations) can be efficiently integrated numerically. We also consider wavefront sensors that perform sensing of speckle-averaged characteristics of the wavefront phase (TIL sensors). Analysis of the wavefront phase reconstructed from Shack-Hartmann TIL sensor measurements shows that an extended target introduces a phase modulation (target-induced phase) that cannot be easily separated from the atmospheric turbulence-related phase aberrations. We also show that wavefront sensing results depend on the extended target shape, surface roughness, and the outgoing beam intensity distribution on the target surface.

The subject of this study is numeric simulation of laser beam propagation by methods of statistical testing, with calculation of the field in the space behind the randomly inhomogeneous phase screen based on Fresnel transformation and not on traditional spectral decomposition. This modification makes it possible to sufficiently increase efficiency of calculations for fields of disturbed beams in studies of radiation propagation through local zones of strong turbulence. Limitations of the method determined by conditions of the “sampling theorem”, by phase screen characteristics and edge effects have been considered. The possibility to simulate optical transformations of disturbed beams with increased accuracy of simulated natural experimental conditions has been noted. The results of numeric simulation have been analyzed and compared to the data obtained in natural experiments for radiation propagation through the jet of an aircraft engine. The model describes quite well experimentally identified peculiarities of spatial radiation characteristics going beyond the standard model of a turbulent layer, such as strong dependence of the angular divergence of distorted beam on the radiation wavelength and spatial anisotropy of its statistical characteristics. Finally, possible use of Fresnel transformation in modelling beam propagation in continuous randomly inhomogeneous medium represented as a sequence of phase screens has been examined.

The optical transfer function in the case of observation through the atmosphere is studied, taking into account the effect of fluctuations of the concentration of the scattering particles owing to atmospheric turbulence. The conditions under which the distorting effect of these fluctuations on optical image quality is strongest are determined.

Effect of the information rate on the scintillation index is examined for free space optical (FSO) broadband access applications that use spatially incoherent sources. For this purpose, intensity fluctuations are formulated indicating the effect of the rate on the scintillation index in the presence of the atmospheric turbulence. The bandwidth of modulation of the incoherent source is taken to be much smaller that the carrier frequency, i.e., narrowband approximation is employed. Rate averaging factor for spatially incoherent source is derived as to represent the averaging in weak atmospheric turbulence due to rate of modulation of the intensity. It is found that the scintillations decrease as the rate of transmission through atmospheric turbulence increases. This decrease is independent of the carrier wavelength of the FSO system but depends on the outer scale of turbulence. Up to 10 Gbps, the decrease is negligible for realistic outer scale values. When extremely large eddies are present in the formation of turbulence, rate can be effective in the reduction of the scintillations even at rates up to 10 Gbps. In the limit when the information rate is taken as zero, our results correctly reduce to the known scintillations for spatially incoherent monochromatic excitation.

With the use of semiempirical hypotheses of the turbulence theory it was shown theoretically and experimentally that an arbitrary anisotropic boundary layer can be considered to be locally weakly anisotropic. With the exception of tensor of coefficients of turbulent thermal conductivity, in the proximity of each point of the layer the positions of the theory of isotropic layer (for plane-parallel flows) were performed. In an arbitrary boundary layer the main turbulence parameter is the variable Monin-Obukhov number. It was determined that the anisotropic boundary layer can be changed by an effective isotropic layer. Theoretical expressions were obtained for vertical external scale of turbulence in anisotropic boundary layer, and the coincidence was shown of the experimental values of external scale with the theoretical ones.

The effects of turbulent atmosphere on cosine-Gaussian laser beams are examined. To this end, a cosine-Gaussian excitation is taken at the source plane, and subsequently the average intensity profile at the receiver plane is formulated. Our formulation correctly reduces to the known Gaussian beam wave result in turbulence and the cosine-Gaussian beam solution in free space (in the absence of turbulence). Variation of the average intensity profile of the receiver plane is evaluated and plotted against the variations of link length, turbulence levels, two frequently used free space optics (FSO) wavelengths and beam displacement parameters. From these results, it is seen that cosine-Gaussian beam, following the natural diffraction, is eventually transformed into a hyperbolic-cosine Gaussian beam. Hence, the beam energy becomes concentrated around two main lobes at the receiver plane. Combining our earlier result with the findings of this paper, we conclude that cosine-Gaussian and hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian beam act in a reciprocal manner after having propagated. This means, starting with a cosine-Gaussian beam excitation, we obtain hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian distribution at the receiver plane, whereas hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian beam excitation will yield a cosine-Gaussian distribution. This reciprocity is applicable both in free space and in turbulence

Stellar occultations by the Earth atmosphere are considered. The influence of some factors being neglected in the frame of the phase screen approximation on scintillation spectra is studied. The estimates of the errors are given and ways of their compensation are suggested.

It is considered the problem of the increase of the efficiency of adaptive control in the conditions of strong turbulence by flexible corrector with the sufficiently large number of freedom degrees. The methods of the construction of the more complex numerical models of the flexible mirrors are based on the solution of the equation of mirror deformations. It is showed that the increase of actuators number on mirror model not influences on the correction efficiency. The cause of low quality of the control in the conditions of strong turbulence consists in the presence of large number of dislocations on the surface of wave front. It was given the numerical experiment at the propagation of the laser radiation in the conditions of strong turbulence. The control was realized by the using of prior annihilation of the dislocations with opposite sign dislocations which are defined in same area of the wave front.

Upon exposure to radiation in the presence of humic substances, phenol can be transformed by the mechanisms of direct and indirect photolysis. The addition of the humic fraction containing humic and fulvic acids to the aqueous phenol solution causes the efficiency of phenol degradation to decrease. The most efficient phenol degradation in the aqueous solution upon exposure to radiation at 222 nm is observed in the presence of fulvic acid.

Based on the algorithm for simulation of the spherical wave propagation in the divergent coordinate system, a program is developed for simulation of the spherical wave propagation in the turbulent atmosphere along paths with reflection. The paper analyzes the statistics of the spherical wave reflected from a plane mirror and compares the results obtained with the theoretical results derived from the asymptotic consideration for the conditions of weak and strong optical turbulence. The features of manifestation of the correlation of counterpropagating waves in the region transient from the weak to the strong turbulence are discussed.

In the given work an error, brought in atmospheric turbulence to work of system of aim direction on an information range of polarization of optical radiation, is investigated. The statistical characteristics of a signal of aim direction are theoretically studied: the average value and the dispersion. On the basis of studied results about the relation of the signal to noise is estimated range of action of the given system of aim direction.

This paper introduces a general and new formalism to model the turbulent wave-front phase using fractional Brownian motion processes. Moreover, it extends results to non-Kolmogorov turbulence. In particular, generalized expressions for the Strehl ratio and the angle-of-arrival variance are obtained. These are dependent on the dynamic state of the turbulence.

In this paper, we report the results of experimental investigations into the propagation of laser radiation under the conditions of developed convective turbulence over a heated surface. The estimates of the Rayleigh number of the thermal flow over the surface shown that Ra ~ 10⁸ ÷ 10¹⁰. The laser beam (λ=0.63 μm) propagated at the heights of 18, 25, and 36 cm above the surface. The path length in the turbulent medium was 2 m. The optical system formed a plane wave with the Gaussian intensity distribution. The displacements of the laser beam image were measured simultaneously along the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) coordinates by the device based on a dissector tracking system. The variance of displacement of the image centroid σ²_a(2R), the correlation functions b(τ) and the spectral densities of fluctuations fW(f) were calculated for each coordinate. The dependence of a variance of fluctuations of displacement of the image on diameter of the receiver under different conditions is compared.

The propagation of high-power laser radiation (HPLR) in an atmosphere is accompanied by radiation of acoustic waves. The characteristics of optoacoustical signals depend on factor of absorption HPLR and its power parameters. It is necessary to take into account absorption and attenuation of acoustic waves arising in the channel HPLR, in tasks of restoration of power parameters HPLR on optoacoustical signals. The deforming influence of an atmosphere on amplitude-frequency a spectrum registered on distance up to 1 km of optoacoustical signals is reduced to the account of classical absorption, of turbulent and preearthly attenuation. In work the questions of optimum program processing registered in experimental measurements of optoacoustical signals generated by the channel HPLR in an atmosphere are considered. The developed algorithm is realized in the created software «Atmospheric optoacoustics», allowing in real time on the basis of the meteorological data to compensate deforming influence of an atmosphere and spreading surface on amplitude-frequency the characteristics of optoacoustical signals of a sound range of frequencies.

Were experimentally investigated nonlinear optical effects at propagation of laser pulses with length of a wave 0,82 microns and duration 80 fs in liquid aerosols and the drops containing organic dyes. Frequency of recurrence of laser pulses of 90 MHz, energy in a pulse 3,5 nJ, average capacity of radiation up to 340 mW. Registration of spectra of stimulating radiation and a luminescence of a drop was carried out with the sanction of 0,3 nanometers. Capacity of radiation varied turn of Glan prism. Results of measurements doublephotons are submitted to the excited luminescence in the suspended millimetric drops with dye and with filling nanoparticles of silver. Factors transparent and absorbing aerosol environments for laser continuous and fs radiations with length of a wave 0,82 microns and on length of a wave of continuous probing radiation with length of a wave 0,63 micros are received. Dependences of factor transparent the aerosol environment from concentration of an aerosol and capacity of laser pulses are submitted. Comparison of distribution of laser pulses fs duration with distribution of continuous radiation of the same length of a wave is carried out. Optical breakdown on absorbing particles of the aerosol environment is fixed at capacity of influencing radiation with fs duration exceeding 200 mW.

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations into the interaction of laser pulses of femtosecond duration with aerosol having various composition (aqueous aerosol, dye solution with embedded nanoparticles), as well as with individual particles in the case of two-photon induced stimulated fluorescence. The acoustic method was employed to study the decay of the energy of the filament generated at different focusing, as well as the transmittance of the filament energy as it passed through the aerosol layer.

Results of experimental and theoretical investigations into the characteristics of acoustic signals generated by high-power pulsed laser radiation (HPLR) propagating in under-breakdown regime through the atmosphere are presented. The amplitudes and shapes of acoustic signals are calculated for a triggering laser pulse, short laser pulse, and harmonically modulated laser radiation disregarding the effect of kinetic cooling in the laser beam propagation channel. An algorithm for reconstructing the spatial structure of laser beams from the data of wire bolometer sensors is suggested and realized. The nonlinear extinction coefficient of laser radiation in the atmosphere is retrieved from the opto-acoustic measurements. It is demonstrated that acoustic signal shapes measured in summer reproduce well the cross-sectional laser energy distribution. In winter the measured acoustic signal is first negative, which can be explained by kinetic air cooling, when the air temperature in the laser beam propagation channel first decreases. The effective transverse beam diameter d is directly proportional to the positive half-period of the acoustic pulse. This provides the basis for opto-acoustic method of measuring the effective beam diameter. Results of opto-acoustic and bolometric measurements of the effective diameters of collimated and focused beams of CO₂-laser radiation versus the energy of emitted laser radiation and angles of laser beam divergence (self-focusing) are presented. A significant increase in the effective beam diameter with the increasing laser radiation energy is observed. Measurements of the divergence angles of collimated HPLR demonstrated that the effect of self-focusing became more pronounced as the HPLR energy increases and can reach 4 min of arc.

The angular distribution of the spontaneous fluorescence excited by the laser radiation inside a spherical particle has been considered. The position and the effective volume of radiating in the particle the fluorescence sources has been calculated numerically as functions of the particle radius in the cases of excitation of single-, two-, and three-photon fluorescence. Within the framework of the geometric-optics approach, an equation determining the ratio of the mean brightness of fluorescence from the front and rear hemispheres of the particle is obtained. It is shown, that in the case of localization of fluorescence source of near to a shadow hemisphere of a particle there is asymmetry in the angular distribution of the spontaneous fluorescence in the forward and backward directions, which becomes more pronounced when the order of multiphoton-excitation process increases.

In this paper, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide produced under the effect of the ionizing radiation from an optical-breakdown plasma center in air is calculated. The principal parameters of NO₂ gas halo are obtained as functions of the laser pulse duration and intensity. It is noted that the halo with the increased concentration of nitrogen dioxide and oxygen ions around a plasma center has a significant effect on the time parameters of plasma radiation because it screens the plasma luminescent radiation in the visible spectral region.

The method of fluorescent spectroscopy is used to investigate the influence of the pH of the medium on phototransformations of o- and p-cresol in water under UV irradiation. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of cresol photodecomposition decreases with the increasing pH of the medium. The efficiency of cresol phototransformations in an alkaline medium is higher under irradiation at 283 nm, whereas in a neutral medium, it is higher under irradiation at 222 nm.

Boundary-value problem of radiation transfer in optically thick layers is considered while describing ocean, cloudiness, aerosol particle outbreaks, dust traces and other specific effects resulted from large fires (forest, peat-lands, in steppe regions, anthropogenic). Space and angular distributions of radiation in view of polarization and depolarization inside the relevant layer of these media as well as reflected and passed through the layer radiation are formed as a result of multiple scattering and absorption.

The analytical complexities of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) have allowed formulating only superficial, qualitative estimations of the precision and application range of the small angle approximation (SAA). Another approach based on the comparison of the calculations in SAA with the similar numerical solutions of RTE is possible. However numerical methods of the RTE solution in media with strong anisotropic scattering are ineffective. The numerical solution of RTE for turbid media with the arbitrary anisotropy of scattering irradiated by a plane monodirectional (PM) source suggested in³ gives the opportunity of solving this problem. SAA was offered in paper⁴ and is based on the approximate equality of the trajectory path of photons by the anisotropic scattering to the nonscattered path. The analytical complexities of the RTE solution have established three forms of SAA. Comparisons with the numerical solution³ have shown, that all three forms use extra assumptions to⁴ except the case of normal irradiation by PM source in⁸. The analysis of SAA has allowed offering the development⁸ completely relevant to the ideas of⁴, from which all three forms follow at various assumptions. The generalization of this approach for cases of arbitrary boundary conditions doesn’t present any troubles.

The paper considers the problems of selecting the subset of informative textural features. The influence of the sliding window size on the result of textural analysis is discussed. A new nonparametric algorithm is proposed for textural analysis. This algorithm is tested as applied to the problem of separation of cloud fields and estimation of their parameters from the NOAA AVHRR data.

Lithium niobate crystals are a perspective material for the optical information storage and processing. The photorefractive properties of the lithium niobate crystal depend strongly on the kind of the dopants. The study of the photorefractive light scattering (PRLS) in the LiNbO₃ crystals with various additives allows to gain information of the processes taking place in the crystals. This problem is solved using models describing the experimental results. This paper presents new experimental results of PRLS intensity kinetics in the LiNbO₃:Rh crystal and proposes also a model within the framework of which the experiment data are explained.

This paper presents the general description of the information-software developed in the Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO) SB RAS based on the archives of regional digital satellite (MODIS, NOAA) information and the software for primary and thematic processing of this information. The system to be developed is intended for solution of a wide range of problems concerning remote sensing of atmospheric and surface parameters from space, as well as for investigation of the spatial and temporal variability of the environment in Western Siberia. The program block of the system is based on both commonly known and original, developed in the IAO, software for processing of satellite data.

The paper presents an algorithm for analysis of the fringe interferogram, registered by the matrix CCD-camera. It is new version of classical method of extremal lines. After an interferogram preprocessing, the set of reference section of interferogram is processed to find of coordinates of extremal points of interference fringes. Then, beginning at these points, along each of fringes, extremal lines are traced. Direction of each extremal line is corrected using of correlation comparison of local sample of the interference fringe with adaptive adjusting model of this fringe during tracing. Coordinates of extremal lines serves nodes of interpolation of the phase for building of the phase surface within the whole aperture where interferogram is given.

The accuracy of a high-precision interferometric experiment depends both on instrument errors and errors connected to interferograms processing. Both types of errors can be minimized by an optimum adjustment of the interferometer functions. The paper addresses the issue of the fringe pattern contrast optimization via the application of the electrochromic coating on the reference surface of the interferometer.

The estimates of the “effective” height of the homogeneous aerosol atmosphere in wide wavelength range (0.44 to 3.9 μm) are obtained for the first time on the basis of simultaneous measurements of the spectral transparency of the atmosphere on near-ground long path and in the atmospheric column. This parameter qualitatively characterizes the height of the mixing layer for particles of different size. The spectral aerosol extinction coefficients in the near-ground layer of α(λ) and the optical thickness of the atmosphere τ(λ) were measured. The effective height of the homogeneous atmosphere was defined as H₀(λ)=τ(λ)/α(λ).

The possibilities to use optical methods for estimating the parameters of the dispersed spatial structure of water ecosystem of loess water bodies are considered, using the Lake of Khanka as an example. It was shown that proximate optical methods could be used to estimate the average size of organic-mineral detritus, their boundary surface, the concentration of mineral suspension particles and their specific surface, the average distance between particles, and the common concentration of organic matter. The methods of instrumental valuation of contact boundary characteristics, which were used, allow proceeding to direct investigation of quantitative characteristics when studying the processes going on in boundary zones. The evaluation of number bacterio- and phytoplankton, carried out with the help of standard hydrobiological methods, has allowed estimating a structure of their space distribution in waters of lake. The data on space distribution bacterioplancton, phytoplankton and particles of a mineral suspension enable more precisely to determine the energy expended bacteriocells at their passage from free in an attached condition and cells phytoplankton at their vertical migration.

The regularities of variations of the aerosol disperse composition in tropical and equatorial zones of Atlantic are analyzed on the basis of the spectral data on the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of the atmosphere measured during the 35-th cruise of the research vessel “Academician Mstislav Keldysh”. The characteristic peculiarities are studied of the aerosol disperse composition at different distances from the continent, as well as at intrusion of air masses (AM) enriched with aerosols of continental origin to the region of observations. The estimates show that the distribution of coarse aerosol particles (r>1.0 μm) near continent inside an AM enriched with the dust component is essentially inhomogeneous. Quite fast transition from the disturbed values AOT to weakly disturbed (~ 5-8 hours) is evidence of the compact manner of their distribution inside the AM. As moving from the continent, the aerosol particle distribution gains more homogeneous smooth structure. The enhanced level of the content of large particles in the tropical trade wind zone remains in the atmosphere in the episodes when there are no extreme disturbances of AOT. This “background” from emissions from the continent is almost one order of magnitude greater than the background content of large particles in mid-latitudes.

The specific manner of formation of the disperse structure of the aerosol component of the atmosphere in the mid-latitudes of Atlantic is analyzed on the basis of the data on the spectral variability of the aerosol optical thickness measured during the 39-th cruise of the research vessel “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh”. The problem is considered of the efficiency of emission of the aerosol component from two continents, Europe and North America. The characteristics peculiarities are studied of the aerosol disperse composition at disturbances of the optical thickness in open ocean. The specific manner is analyzed of the change of the disperse composition of marine aerosol in the atmospheric column at the increase of wind velocity.

Continuous round-the-clock measurements of the aerosol scattering coefficient of the dry matter of aerosol particles at the wavelength of 0.52 μm (nephelometer) and the mass concentration of Black Carbon (aethalometer) were carried out at the aerosol monitoring station IAO in 1998-2003. Seasonal, annual and total data arrays are formed, and the power density spectra of variations of the aerosol characteristics in the ranges of diurnal, synoptic and seasonal oscillations are calculated. Analysis of the 6-year series of observations allowed us to reveal the significant mean frequencies of oscillations of aerosol, BC and relative content of BC in particles in the short-period (up to 1 month) and long-period (from 1 to 6 months) ranges: 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7, 10-11, 15, 20 days and 1, 1.5, 2.3, 3, 4.3 and 6 months. The amplitude spectra of aerosol and soot variations are close to each other and have the interannual stability. Summer is characterized by the most stable shape of spectra containing the majority of frequencies. The amplitudes of oscillations with the periods less than 3.5 days decrease when passing to cold season, and many spectral lines are shifted and split. On the contrary to aerosol, the 0.5-day period of oscillations of black carbon (soot) is usually observed. It is evidence of the fact that the idea of existence of the absorbing substance as a passive admixture in the composition of particles is only an approximation. Contributions of diurnal, synoptic and seasonal oscillations into the total variance of the aerosol and BC concentrations are estimated.

The paper analyzes the effect of clouds on the spectral dependence of the effective height of the aerosol atmosphere. It is shown that the presence of clouds can change the spectral dependence of the effective atmospheric height, namely, thin cloudiness leads to the increase of the effective atmospheric height in the 1-12 μm spectral region, while thicker one increases it in the 0.4-12 μm region.

We present the results of statistical and spectral analysis of time series of total nitrogen dioxide and ozone. The time series are obtained by the method of passive atmospheric sensing at Siberian Lidar Station of Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS (56.48N/85.08E) in period from 1996 to 2003 using automated spectrophotometer complex recording spectra of solar radiation, scattered at zenith, in wavelength range 430-450 nm and 290-340 nm.

Two typical profiles of nanoparticles were observed over the southern part of Western Siberia. The first type represents the well-known distribution that can be well described by the empirical equation proposed by Jaenicke. The second type of vertical profiles exhibits the so-called z-shaped structure with the secondary maximum in the free troposphere. Analysis of the data obtained in this study enabled us to estimate a new particle production rate in the free troposphere. The maximum production rate was in the 10^-3-10^-2 cm^-3.s^-1 range.

In the paper, the non-linear optical effect of the Gaussian beam self-action in the microheterogeneous medium is theoretically considered taking into account the electrostriction and thermo-diffusion non-linearity.

Investigation of boundary surfaces in the water ecological systems, processes of formation the absorbed layers, their sizes and structures is the significant problem of the researches natural water ecosystems. The work is devoted to study of absorption processes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on suspended inorganic particles, definition of the approaches to the evaluation of total boundary area of suspended inorganic matter and the volume of influence zone generated by these boundaries, for surface waters as a necessary step for the transfer to the study of chemical and physical processes which are flowing past on these boundaries. Total boundary area of suspended inorganic matter, a thickness and volume of boundary zone, involved surface interactions are estimated. The parameters of organic matters are defined. The part of absorbed layer on a surface of the suspended matter is appreciated; the average concentration of AOM in the absorbed layer is estimated.

Regular round-the-clock measurements of the total number density and disperse composition of aerosol particles of the radius range r=0.2-0.5 μm were carried out at the aerosol monitoring station of LAO IAO SB RAS since 1999 till 2004 by means of the photoelectric counter of particles PKGTA. Temporal behavior of annual and monthly mean values of the measured parameters of particles of the noted size range is analyzed in the first part of the paper. Temporal variability of the total number density of aerosol particles N (r=0,2 ÷ 5 μm) and the integral parameter K = Nsub(r=0,2 ÷0,5 μm)/ Ncoarse(r = 0,5 ÷ 1 μm), which describes the general peculiarities of the behavior of the particle size distribution is analyzed. Annual and interannual behavior of the absolute values of the number density of submicron Nsub and coarse Ncoarse particles are studied, as well as the values normalized to the annual mean number density Nmean. Temporal behavior of the mean particle size distributions F = (4π/3)r_i³ΔN_i/Δr_i in different seasons is analyzed. Possible reasons affecting the peculiarities of the temporal behavior of the aforementioned parameters are discussed.

Regular round-the-clock measurements of the total number density and disperse composition of aerosol particles of the radius range r=0.2-0.5 μm carried out at the aerosol monitoring station of LAO IAO SB RAS since 1999 till 2004 by means of the photoelectric counter of particles PKGTA make it possible to study temporal characteristics of the measured parameters in a big data array. In this message diurnal behavior of the absolute values of the the total number density N (r=0,2-5 μm), number densities of each fraction Nsub(r(=0,2÷0,5 μm) and Ncoarse(r=0,5÷1 μm), the values of these parameters normalized to the diurnal mean values and the integral parameter Kf=Nsub/Ncoarse is analyzed. Diurnal behavior in different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) is considered. Diurnal behavior of the aforementioned parameters was studied under conditions, when the cloud fraction varied with the limits 0 ÷2, F=(4π/3)r_i³ΔN_i/Δr_i is analyzed. The peculiarities of the diurnal behavior of the aforementioned parameters and possible reasons affecting the diurnal behavior are discussed.

Physical and chemical properties of the atmospheric components change under action of radioactive emissions, and, as a result, anomalous gas-aerosol and ionized areas are occurred and can be registered by remote optical and radiometric methods. One of the effects, in the view of passive detection of radioactive pollution is the dissociation of water vapor (H₂O) and formation of anomalous fields with the high contents of hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (OH), which spontaneous radiation in the microwave range can be used for identification of radioactivity in emissions. The process of electron multiplication due to degradation of energy of β-electrons, generated at decay of a radioactive isotope ⁸⁵Kr in the emission stack is described in this paper. The estimation of atomic hydrogen concentration in cross-section of the stack on various distances from an emission source is carried out depending on its height and activity.

This work is aimed at studying processes of distribution and deposition of heavy metals in the region of Lake Baikal in different seasons with the help of non-stationary spatial Euler’s model taking into account the effect of relief. The amount of some heavy metals deposited onto the surface of lake and especially protected territories of Pribaikalye has been calculated per month and on average per year. A good correlation with the estimates obtained before is observed on the basis of calculation data. The pollution impact on Lake Baikal by heavy metals from separate enterprises and groups of enterprises located in the Baikal Region has been estimated. The results obtain can be used for improvement of ecological situation of the region regulating work regime of enterprises.

The generalized formula is presented allowing to obtain the regression coefficients of the linear equation Y=K₀+K₁X for the general case, when the scatter of points in the correlation diagram of the values X and Y has been caused by both their random errors of measurements and uncontrolled physical factors. All knows formulas for the regression coefficients are the partial cases of the obtained formula. The ways are proposed and the formulas for the regression coefficients are the partial cases of the obtained formula. The ways are proposed and the formulas are presented for estimating the rms errors of the measured values involving in the formula for calculating the regression coefficients from the experiments data. It is shown that the generalized formula makes it possible to obtain the stable, reliable and physically correct one-parameter models of the aerosol extinction. The obtained formula is interesting for the specialists in processing experimental data and can be used for their correct physical interpretation independently of the field of knowledge.

Separate many-day series of measurements of the carbon dioxide concentration were carried out at the stationary site of the Limnological Institute SB RAS near village Bol’shie Koty in July, August and October 2003. The CO₂ fluxes from the water surface are estimated. Maximum amplitude of the diurnal variations of the CO₂ concentration in the chamber in August was 100 ppmV, and minimum was 45 ppmV. Comparison with the results of measurements in the atmosphere and the data on the CO₂ content in the near-surface water of Lake Baikal is performed.

The paper discusses various aspects of statistical modeling of transspectral processes used in laser sensing of the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere. The need in invoking the rigorous apparatus of the Monte Carlo methods arises if meteorological lidars are operated under the conditions of the cloudy atmosphere, when the role of the multiply scattered component of a lidar signal becomes significant. The particular attention is paid to construction of algorithms for modeling of radiative transfer processes. The importance of correct choice of the model of elastic and inelastic molecular scattering is demonstrated. In particular, in simulation of photon scattering angles in the process of Markovian wandering, the form of the scattering phase function should be taken adequate to the conditions of Raman excitation. The results of methodic calculations are presented and compared with the data of other authors. Based on the results obtained, some features of formation of the multiple-scattering background in Raman sensing channels are established.

The tunable waveguide RF-excited CO₂ laser is developed. Hooting modes are suppressed by optimization of the optical scheme of waveguide cavity. The laser radiates on more than 70 lines with output of 0.3-3 W in single-mode and single-frequency regime. On the base of two such lasers the two-channel CO₂ laser system controlled by computer is developed. It is meant for operation in mobile heterodyne differential absorption lidar (DIAL). The frequencies of lasers can be stabilized on centers of lines or synchronized with required frequency interval. The laser system has been tested under field conditions in mobile heterodyne DIAL lidar and has shown satisfactory results. The developed laser system can be used as a stabilized double-frequency source of radiation in trace (column content) gas analyzer with direct detection.

LiInSe₂ and mixed LiIn(S _0.5 Se _0.5 )2 crystals are grown by vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method. Optical properties of deep red LiInSe₂, yellowish LiInS₂, and orange LiIn(S _0.5 Se _0.5)₂ crystals are investigated. Second harmonic generation has been evaluated in LiInSe₂ element 6.3 mm long under pumping by CO₂ laser, 30 ns pulses, and as high external peak power efficiency as 11.7% has been obtained under optimal conditions.

At the Institute of atmospheric optics of Russian Academy of Science (IAO SO RAS), the automatic express control equipment for atmospheric pollution and remote detection of aerosol and gas emissions from industrial enterprises is created over a remote method detecting radioactive anomalies on secondary displays of radioactivity. Matching several original scientific and technical decisions in one complete equipment essentially expanded opportunities of registration of emission and absorption spectra in several spectral ranges. The automated system of data processing includes some program modules, each of which is intended for the decision of specific tasks, and needed special techniques of testing. In the given paper original techniques of testing of a program complex and subprograms processing experimental data and calculations are presented. So, testing of the microwave Spectroradiometer module is based on graduation of a frequency scale, on the basis of which frequency of the signal is determined. The technique of testing and calibration of the measuring data from TV-system represents the procedure similar to television tests. The technique of testing forecast optical noise in the atmosphere is based on use of algorithms of comparison with standard optical models. In a basis of testing technique of the program module of optical correlation spectrophotometer, the graduation of a scale of voltage from two channels of analog-digital converter, which is carried out proceeding from values of the signal impressed from the external photoelectronic multiplier. Results of testing, which have shown serviceability of separate modules and a complex of programs as a whole and reliability of received results, are shown.

The spectra of sonoluminescence (cavitation light emission) from aqueous NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂ solutions, saturated with argon, were studied at different hydrostatic pressures. Results show that the emission from exited state metal atoms grows rapidly with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. The effect is due to higher temperature inside the cavitation bubbles at elevated static pressure. Sonoluminescence spectra can be used to determine the concentration of icons in liquids. The discovered effect of hydrostatic pressure on the intensity of atomic emission allows improving the sensitivity of this sonoluminescence method.

The subject of this paper is an estimation of possibility of gas analysis by differential absorption lidars (DIAL) based on gas lasers of the middle IR spectrum range. The potential of lidar systems based on CO₂ laser with radiation frequency converter for ground and onboard sensing of atmospheric water vapor and carbonic oxide concentration profiles is analyzed. Possibilities of NO and NO₂ emission detection in ground atmospheric layers using converted frequencies of CO and CO₂ laser radiation in onboard DIAL are discussed. Absorption lines for methane and ammonia sensing by lidar system based on tunable TEA CO₂ laser with frequency converter has chosen. The results of an estimation of methane leakage detection from pipelines by onboard lidar are submitted. Applicability of the DF laser in onboard DIAL for control of atmospheric gases is reported.

The report presents estimates of the interlevel correlation of the wind velocity components from the data of acoustic sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer under different atmospheric conditions. The correlation matrices whose components are correlation moments for different altitude levels are analyzed. The influence of omissions in the initial data arrays on the statistical robustness of estimates of the examined functions is discussed.

The analytical expressions of coherence spectrum and phase spectrum of lidar signal calculated by isotropic fluctuations approach are presented. Clear analytical dependency of the spectra from a mean velocity value, variance of velocity and their ratio, as well as the dependency from the value of the turbulences external scale, size of scattering volumes, distances between them and orientation of separate distance to direction of the mean wind velocity is received. These formulas allow calculating the values of mean velocity and variances of speed component using measured coherence and phase spectra on fixed frequency and given geometries of sensing. These contribution separations of regular and pulsing components of velocity in the lidar signal spectra enable to increase accuracy and range of the measurements when the spectral methods of the processing are used.

Halfwidths and lineshifts of hydrogen fluoride molecule for the case of self-broadening are investigated for the absorption lines caused by the transitions into highly excited vibrational states near the dissociation limit. It is found the wave functions of highly excited vibrational states are delocalized. Therefore, perturbation theory series become divergent and dipole moment and polarizability matrix elements cannot be calculated accurately. The halfwidths and lineshifts are estimated in the framework of full resonance approximation for HF-HF lines belonging to the highly lying vibrational bands. It is proved, that halfwidths decrease due to the variation of dipole moment function. The halfwidths decrease riches to 12% in the 0-22 band relatively to the 0-2 band. It is found, that lineshifts increase due to the mean polarizability rising is sometimes in highly lying bands relatively to the 0-2 band.

In the paper the program system (PS) written on LabView, for solving of the direct and an inverse tasks of diode laser gas analyzer measurements data is described. Application of programming system LabView is connected in that this system has an advantage before the visual programming languages (VC++, Delphi or VB) by development of the program systems for real measuring devices, and also at the control results of experiments. Given PS contains four parts. The first part is connected to viewing of the spectroscopic database HITRAN¹, the second with calculation of an absorption coefficients and transmittance; the third allows to modeling signals of the diode laser gas analyzer for various conditions and methods of measurement (a contour, 1st or 2nd derivatives) and the fourth part is intended for data processing both modeling, and real signals with the purpose of

Results of an estimation of aerosol loops distribution speed from an aerosol emissions local source, and also cloudy formations, on the basis of processing the video images received by the standard camcorder SONY are resulted. The spatial correlation analysis entered of video frames in a computer is carried out by use of algorithm of fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the mixed basis. The stability of a method of feature of processing of experimental data in various atmospheric situations (a background, contrast etc.) is discussed.

At Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) in Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk (56.5 °N; 85.1°E) we perform regular lidar measurements of the profiles of vertical distribution of optical characteristics of stratospheric aerosol at wavelength 532 nm with receiving telescope of a diameter of 03. m. The temperature profile is measured in the altitude interval 10-70 km: from molecular backscattering signal at wavelength 532 nm in altitude range 30-70 km and from signal of Raman scattering by nitrogen at wavelength 607 nm in altitude range 10-30 km with receiving telescope of a diameter 2.2m. In this paper we analyze the data of long-term (since 1986) lidar observations of stratospheric aerosol layer, performed at Siberian Lidar Station and data of expedition measurements in summer-fall periods of 2001-3003, obtained in Siberian region from middle to subpolar latitudes (from 52° to 69°N and from 73° to 106° E). Main attention is paid to analysis of data of last years of measurements obtained under conditions of “new” background period of long-term absence of explosive volcanic eruptions (last observed in June 1991).

A numerical modeling of heterodyne efficiency of coherent laser imaging system at nonlinear scanning has been developed on the basis of Monte-Carlo method. A hysteresis effect of receiving field of view (FOV) has been analyzed at high-speed nonlinear scanning. The numerical mathematical modeling for coherent nonlinear scanning laser imaging system has been conducted at the nonlinear harmonic scanning with 160Hz frequency; 64x32 pixels image size and 10 frames per second. The numerical modeling showed that imaging pixels with 20% threshold of heterodyne efficiency were about 17 at the 20dB SNR, 10 frames per second and 2400m detecting distance.

We presented the results of comparisons of between the lidar profiles of vertical ozone distribution obtained at the Siberian Lidar Station (SLS), Tomsk by lidar and satellite data measured by SAGE-II. Considering the space and time difference between SLS and SAGE II measurements, the results of comparison show that the data well agree to within total error of both instruments (10-25%).

A software package (a server application) is presented. The software package provides access to information materials in the area of dendroecology and to software tools for processing of tree-rings with the purpose of revealing changes of environment parameters that are reflected in tree growth. From a collection of all tasks we will consider a task of calculation of azimuth of the maximal growth and mean-square width of the maximal growth sector a task of calculation of growth indexes of tree-ring width.

We demonstrated the presence of quasi-biennial oscillation in time behaviors of integrated aerosol backscattering coefficient and total ozone over Tomsk. For analysis of time behavior of aerosol characteristic we used lidar sensing data, while ozone variations were analyzed using measurements of M-124 instrument and TOMS.

Nowadays investigations of the wind regime of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere (80-100 km) using ground-based (including radiometeor method) and satellite measurements allow the setting and the decision of the task of the creation the global model of the circulation including background motions and temporal variability. The temporal variability is due to the wide spectrum of temporal and spatial scales of waves exiting in the atmosphere. Radiosystem of Kazan University is one of 23 meteor radars operating currently in the world. Radiometeor wind measurements in Kazan University stated in 1964. During the period of 1964-1965, the first annual cycle of observation is accomplished. Long cycles of observations accomplished during 1979-2002. Uninterrupted cycle of observations started in November 2002 allowed the detailed structure of the temporal variability in the region of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere. Modern methods of the analysis along with background motions allowed the detection of short-period (5-10 minutes) inner-gravity waves, tidal waves, planetary waves (2-30 days), seasonal variations (annual and semiannual oscillations). Dynamics of this height region of the atmosphere presents significant scientific and practical interest. Due to propagating from the lower atmosphere waves experience the dissipation and the filtration and affects to the altitudinal and seasonal structure of the circulation we should expect the affection of these waves to the disturbed structure of the ionosphere.

Current work is dedicated to the investigation of temporal and spatial energy spectra of wave processes in the field of lower and middle atmospheres (0-100 km) of the Earth. For analysis we used data of wind measurements at heights 80-100 km performed at meteor radar in Kazan (56N, 49E). Also we used data of BADC UK MO containing wind velocity in nodes of the longitudinal - latitudinal grid (96x72) for the height range 0-55 km. Analysis of calculated temporal rotational energy is performed separately for time scales 2-7 days, 7-20 days and 20-40 days. At middle latitudes of Northern and Southern Hemispheres the change of the prevailing direction of the wind velocity rotation is detected. Established change of the prevailing rotation of the wind velocity vector at heights 0-100 km shows that these latitudes are in the region of active cyclonic and anticyclonic activity. Also we found that for middle and high latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the planetary wave regime is specific as well as the regime of the geostrophic turbulence is specific for low latitudes and the equator. This result is acquired using the analysis of the spatial energy spectra for heights 0-55 km. The inclination of these energy spectra in the linier region with wave numbers 8-25 is [-6;-4] for middle and high latitudes (it corresponds to the planetary wave regime) and [-2;-1] for low latitudes and equator (it corresponds to the regime of the geostrophic turbulence.

Current work is dedicated to the investigation of the coherency between wave processes at heights of lower and middle atmospheres of the Earth in the field of background circulation. In this work the comparison between temporal variations of the wind velocity on heights of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere (MLT) and on heights of the troposphere and the stratosphere is accomplished. For analysis we used data of wind measurements accomplished during 1986-2004 at meteor radar of Kazan University (56N,49E). Also we used data of BADC UK MO¹ containing wind velocity in nodes of the longitudinal - latitudinal grid (96x72). Data of BADC UK MO are exposed to the spatial filtering. This allowed time series of complex amplitude of spatial waves with wave numbers 1-8. Performed analysis of wind data by the coherency spectra between this time series and time series of the wind velocity for heights of MLT allowed the detection of wave trains with specific periods close to Rossby waves (2,5, 10 days) and to long-period waves (15-30 days) with significant coherency between variation on different height levels. Height profiles of the coherency phase showed the propagation direction and vertical wave length of the corresponding wave trains. The work has been performed under the support of Ministry of Education of Russian Federation, grant A03-2.13-513.

For the construction of circulation model of the middle Earth atmosphere it is necessary the estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements, which depends on the nature of the movements and on characteristic of their interaction with the background wind. As the parameter of efficiency of vortex flows the ration of the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity to the sum of the square of the wind velocity and the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity for the zonal and meridional circulations was used: K_U=σ²_U÷(U² + σ²_U) and K_V = σ²_V÷(V² + σ_2V). The estimations of K in depending on height in the field of zonal and meridional wind in the height interval 0-55 km (using the data archive BADC UKMO for the period 1993-2003) and 80-100 km (by the wind velocity measurements carried out on meteor radar of Kazan State University for the period 1986-2002) were obtained. The estimations were obtained in the local approach for the Kazan’s region (56N, 49E). The results of the computation demonstrate the decreasing of the parameter of interaction efficiency with the increasing of height in the height interval 10-50 km, which is the most evident in the field of meridional circulation. On the heights of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere the parameter K on average of the investigated period in the field of zonal and meridional wind what indicates on the greater contribution of vortex movements while the formation of meridional circulation in comparison with the zonal one.

Up to the contemporary, it is established ozone geographic distribution (its annual, daily and other cycles) is unexplainable without accounting the specifics of atmospheric circulations. Total ozone concentration (TOC) variability is the most characteristic feature of its atmospheric regime. An important subject of our study is interrelation between TOC variability and space-temporal peculiarities of general atmospheric circulation. As a result of examining the correlation analysis data, Basmaov1 has proven that the most intensive positive influence upon TOC is demonstrated by generalized atmospheric circulation groups (Dzerdzeevski’s classification), i.e.: latitude-Western and longitude-Northern ones. These groups match the annual ozone cycle, advancing the latter by three months. We have selected the average monthly TOC values (satellite data for the Northern hemisphere), averaged by latitude and longitude. Longitude averaging has been performed for the entire Northern hemisphere as well as its two regions (90° W to 89° E and 90° W, respectively). The differential row for the regions temporal series has been calculated. It is established that the coefficient of correlation between the entire hemisphere’s TOC temporal series and the differential row reaches the maximum of R=0.71 if the differential row is moved ahead by three months.

The time variations of daily values of the Total Ozone Content (TOC) during 1978-1992 at stations Irkutsk, Collm, Madrid and Saskatoon were investigated. These stations are located in the middle latitudes but have essentially different longitudes. The TOMS-database (satellite Nimbus-7) was used. The multi-correlation periodogramanalysis with sliding step 1 month was applied. The fluctuations with the periods lying in rater wide band including 27-day variations (21-39) days were revealed. Amplitudes of these fluctuations have a well-defined annual course with a maximum in the winter and a minimum in the summer. The variations of amplitudes of 27-day fluctuations contain an annual wave and quasibiennial oscillations with periods 20-28 months. At Saskatoon and Irkutsk, during years close to maxima of solar activity (1980 and 1990) the amplitudes of 27-day TOC fluctuations are the greatest. The significant correlation between amplitudes of fluctuations at considered middle-latitude stations practically without of phase lag is found out. Correlation functions are quasiperiodical with maxima of correlation coefficients each two years. It is possible to explain the results by joint influence of 27-day variations of solar activity connected with rotation of the sun and planetary atmospheric waves activity. The regular 27-day TOC fluctuations can be considered as climatic parameters of TOC variability in the Earth’s atmosphere.

The main mechanism of interaction between lower neutral atmosphere and ionosphere are the upward propagating atmospheric planetary waves. In the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics RAS the experimental investigations of the interaction between different atmospheric layers from the stratosphere up to ionospheric E- and F-regions were carried out. The long-term database of some midlatitude upper atmosphere parameters was used (the horizontal thermosphere/ionosphere wind, the minimal vertically reflected from the ionosphere radio-frequency fmin, total ozone content, stratospheric temperature). The seasonal variations and significant non-zonality (longitudinal dependence) of the quasi-periodical structure were revealed. The influence of solar and geomagnetic activity periodicities from above and stratospheric thermo-baric field from below on the upper atmosphere processes is evaluated. In spite of significant changeability of planetary waves in the atmosphere-ionosphere system (from day to day, seasonal, from year to year, with solar cycle etc.) there are some similarities for the different atmospheric layers. The empirical model for the lower thermosphere wind field quasi-periodical structure was constructed. It is shown that increasing of planetary waves (wave-numbers 1 and 2) activity leads to the decreasing of the prevailing zonal wind velocity. We consider the atmosphere-ionosphere planetary waves as indicators of the complex disturbances in the Sun-Earth system and important element of upper atmosphere climate.

The picture of spatial-temporal dynamics of wildfires and cloudy cover in the North-Asian region, besides local factors, in the certain degree is caused by solar-terrestrial connections. The spatial-temporal dynamics of wildfires and a cloudy cover for the last five years in latitudinal range 40-74 degrees of the northern latitude are analyzed with using the data of the radiometer AVHRR/NOAA. It was shown that wildfires are observed from May till September, basically within three summer months with a maximum of the activity during the second half of summer. On a phase of a maximum of an 11-years cycle of solar activity the tendency of displacement of wildfires to the north is observed. For the period of May through August the cloudiness decreases, but for August through September - it increases. During the considered period, the cloudiness moved from the northern and southern latitudes to a central zone (56-66 degrees of the northern latitude). This situation may be explained by latitudinal displacement of trajectories of the Atlantic cyclones on a phase of a maximum of solar activity.

Research of wave processes in ionosphere is one of the directions of the works on a Doppler phase-goniometric complex of the Kazan State University. This research is based on the analysis of periodic parameters variations of oblique ionospheric sounding signal. This report describes the experimental complex, the experiment technique, experimental data and methods of their processing. The basic results of experiments of 2001-2003 and their interpretation on the basis of processes physics in Earth atmosphere are represented and reviewed.

The powerful magnetic storm 29-31.10 was superposition of two strong magnetic storms from solar flares 28.12 (X17.2) and 29.10 (X10.0). Ionosphere response to the magnetic storm in Irkutsk (52°N, 104°E) was investigated by means of a complex of radiophysical facilities of ISTP SB RAS including digisonde DPS-4m FNCW-ionosonde and incoherent scatter 9IS) radar. In the work the main attention is given to the analysis of distinction in the data received on three various facilities.

Considering the high significance of the ozone for preservation and maintenance of the biosphere and the temperature balance of the atmosphere the investigation of the ozone layer is a very important part of the investigation of the planet’s atmosphere. In this work results of investigations of TOC variability in the Northern Hemisphere and the influence of variability of the circumpolar vortex rotation velocity on the ozone layer are presented. Mean values of total ozone concentration in the Northern Hemisphere (by satellite data) and rotation velocities of the circumpolar vortex are calculated for each month from February to April during 1998-2004. Also in this work the mechanism of the influence of the natural factors on TOC variability solar activity during the spring is suggested.

The problem of quantitative estimation of cyclone influence on changes of regional climate characteristics was considered using results of instrumental monitoring data processing. The role of different origin cyclones in meteorological fields transformation, reorganization of weather formation processes, contribution to mean meteorological values, and composition of phases of the annual rhythm has been investigated. To make quantitative estimation of a cyclone influence on the regional climate characteristics, we use increment of daily mean temperature, change of integral estimation characteristics during cyclone action time, and variation of seasonal average meteorological variables at the area of the cyclone action. Techniques for multilevel analysis of climatic monitoring data and methods for calculation and comparative estimation of seasonal variations of meteorological variables have been developed for seasons with high and low cyclone activity. Evaluations of contribution of different type cyclones to changes of monthly and seasonal temperatures, and season's duration have been made. The climatic estimation of influence of cyclone activity on changes of January temperature has been performed using empiric functions of daily temperatures distribution.

The analysis of the ionospheric data on Irkutsk obtained from 1960 to 1996 was made. Was shown, that the link of probabilities of observation of the sporadic derivations in E-region of ionosphere with solar activity (SA) essentially depends on time of day, season and correlation between solar and geophysical parameters. For different types of sporadic derivations this link has different character and with a different image varies with current of time. It is necessary to mark, that the link of night sporadic derivations (Es such as “f”) with solar activity in the summer very high and practically does not vary in time (r=-0.897∓0.04). The temporary course of coefficients of correlation between solar activity and probability of observation of sporadic stratums (r) of a different type varies depending on the season. Further, for stratums of a type “cl” and “l” the change r happens within increase of SA. At the same time, there is an abnormal behavior of height so f sporadic stratums such as “cl”. There is an impression that in a considered time frame there is competition of two factors. One of them - solar activity, which in the norm supports the negative correlation link with frequency of observation and second - a factor of an unknown nature, which has caused evocative anomaly of altitude, becomes dominant above natural negative link.

The paper presents a study of air synoptical features of southern cyclones coming onto Pribaikalie (the area close to lake Baikal) and causing intensive and prolonged precipitation. The research resulted in modeling processes of the admixture spreading and transformation during the southern cyclone drift of different types at the warm seasonal time.

The analysis of temporal variations of erythemal ultraviolet radiation (EUVR) in Irkutsk is given on the basis the data of satellite measurements of solar EUVR by TOMS (Nimbus-7, Earth Probe) processed with the help of special complex of programs for the periods 1979-1992 and 1996-2003. The results of the long-term homogeneous measurement analysis carried out and processed by unified techniques allow establishing climatic norms of different temporal variation scales (inter-seasonal, inter-annual, within the cycle of solar activity). The possible reasons of the observing temporal variations of ground-level EUR in Irkutsk are being discussed.

Changes of general atmospheric circulation of the northern hemisphere in the second half of the 20th century were studied using Dzerdzeyevsky typification. Principal changes might have begun in the 40's - 50's with the increasing circulation instability and cyclogenesis intensification above Artic regions. Cyclogenesis intensification was accompanied by increasing recurrence of meridional circulation forms. In the second half of the 70's some activity decay of synoptic processes began, and in the 80's a new rise occurred. The changes started in the 40's - 50's are probably a part of global changes since at the same time the deepening of circumantarctic depression and circulation intensification began in the southern hemisphere.

The ozone layer state in the stratosphere over Yakutia depending on the time is considered. Local decreases in the ozone layer thickness (holes) have been detected. A moment of appearance of the holes and the dynamics of their movement in the ozone layer are traced. A problem of change of ozone layer state is discussed.

The generalized results of electron density (N_e) measurements collected by the incoherent scatter method at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Irkutsk, Russia) at height range 200 km are studied. The approach based on the generalization of N with the help of a semi-empirical model describing the connection of N_e with the thermosphere characteristic is used. The last is derived from MSIS-86 thermosphere model. The received model allows calculating Ne for the Millstone-Hill coordinates and comparing the results with Local Model developed on the base of 30-year measurements for this incoherent scatter radar. The conclusion is made about the representativity of N_e (200) measurement sin Irkutsk and validity of these data for generalization into the semi-empirical model.

The method of oblique ionospheric sounding is widely applied in researches of global processes in lower thermosphere of the Earth. Monitoring of geophysical processes in the Earth atmosphere is frequently carried out with the use of short-wave (HF) radiosignals (1-30 MHz). Multichannel passive systems of HF - monitoring allow to carry out researches without radio transmitter constructing. Multichannel systems allow carrying out monitoring in various modes (multifrequency, goniometric, etc.). But this requires identify of channels, opportunities of fast adaptation to various conditions of radiowaves propagation and to various characteristics of transmitting systems (a signal bandwidth, a kind of modulation, etc). The results of modernization of multichannel Doppler phase goniometric complex of Kazan State University “Spectrum” are submitted in this report. WE use the module of initial development of the DSP processor TMS 320C6416 DSP STARTER KIT (performance 4800 MIPS) and evaluation module ADC ADS8364EVM (16 - bit, 6 parallel channels, 250 KHz). It allows organizing the multichannel digital receiver by using a signal intermediate frequency of receivers (215 KHz), and receiving a processing signal in a dynamic range 90 dB and a bandwidth up to 100 KHz.

In this work the modification of azimuth of incoming by a microbar is researched - infrasonic signals from storm derivations on a water area of the Northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans, marked on synoptic maps. The connection of azimuths by a microbar with a position of the source is analyzed. Also, connections of basic features by a microbar with the position of cyclones along the line of distribution and in a point of a method are analyzed. The data of the experiment are compared to model of a line and distribution of an infrasound built on the basis of the modern atmospheric model MSISE 2000.

In the model proposed, the “matter” forming the planet and the atmosphere is considered as a trial material reacting to variations of the medium by the law of conservation of symmetry. It is stated that the planet, its atmosphere, and the solar system as a whole periodically change their characteristics as the medium is changed by fast magnetosonic space perturbations (FMS waves). In particular, the FMS waves of space change the solar diameter and activity with the periods of 2 h 40 min, 11 years, and 80 years. More energetic space perturbations “recorded” in geological sections manifest themselves as pulsations of the planet’s diameter, floods and desiccations of continents, “waves of life”, periodic cooling and warming.

At various levels of PHAR with the help of measurement of parameters of a slow induction of chlorophyll fluorescence at 682 and 734 nm in light culture conditions the thermostable estimation of cenosises of plants of wheat and radish in reply to action of the raise and damaging temperatures of air (35°C 20 hours, 45°C 7 hours) is carried out. Without dependence from a level of light exposure, the exposition of cenosises at 35°C did not result in irreversible changes of the photosynthetic device of plants. The minimal damage of cenosises of wheat and radish at influence of temperature of 45°C is observed at 150W/m² of PHAR, and maximal - at intensities, close to a level of a compensatory point of photosynthesis of cenosises (50-70 W/m² PHAR at a temperature of air of 24°C). The index of viability is most sensitive parameter in comparison with other parameters determined by a method of a slow induction of fluorescence at 682 and 734 nm. The character of its change in reply to action of the stress-factor coincides with changes of intensity of photosynthesis researched of cenosises.

In a period of El Nino the intensity of plankton luminescence and physicochemical water parameters in the water area of the Peruvian upwelling were measured. It is shown that the correlation (R² = 0.81-0.95) exists between the location of bioluminescence extremes, the salinity gradient, and the oxygen concentration. The distribution of chlorophyll fluorescence maximum coincided with the location of pycnocline (R² = 0.85). The spatial distribution of intensities of bioluminescence and fluorescence in the region of research was different. It is assumed that this is due to the properties of plankton forming the light fields in the ocean.