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9 May 2005 X-ray refraction topography and computed tomography for NDE of lightweight materials (Keynote Paper)
Bernd R. Mueller, Axel Lange, Michael Harwardt, Manfred P. Hentschel, Bernhard Illerhaus, Juergen Goebbels, Joachim Bamberg, Falko Heutling
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Proceedings Volume 5766, Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems III; (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.599708
Event: Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, 2005, San Diego, CA, United States
Abstract
X-Ray Refraction Topography techniques are based on Ultra Small Angle Scattering by micro structural elements causing phase related effects like refraction and total reflection at a few minutes of arc as the refractive index of X-rays is nearly unity (1x10-5). The extraordinary contrast of inner surfaces is far beyond absorption effects. Scanning of specimens results in 2D-imaging of closed and open pore surfaces and crack surface density of ceramics and foams. Crack orientation and fiber/matrix debonding in plastics, polymers and ceramic composites after cyclic loading and hydro thermal aging can be visualized. In most cases the investigated inner surface and interface structures correlate to mechanical properties. For the exploration of Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) and other micro structured materials the refraction technique has been improved to a 3D Synchrotron Refraction Computed Tomography (SR-CT) test station. The specimen is situated in an X-ray beam between two single crystals. Therefore all sample scattering is strongly suppressed and interpreted as additional attenuation. Asymmetric cut second crystals magnify the image up to 50 times revealing nanometer resolution. The refraction contrast is several times higher than "true absorption" and results in images of cracks, pores and fiber debonding separations below the spatial resolution of the detector. The technique is an alternative to other attempts on raising the spatial resolution of CT machines. The given results yield a much better understanding of fatigue failure mechanisms under cyclic loading conditions.
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Bernd R. Mueller, Axel Lange, Michael Harwardt, Manfred P. Hentschel, Bernhard Illerhaus, Juergen Goebbels, Joachim Bamberg, and Falko Heutling "X-ray refraction topography and computed tomography for NDE of lightweight materials (Keynote Paper)", Proc. SPIE 5766, Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems III, (9 May 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.599708
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KEYWORDS
Refraction
X-rays
Composites
Crystals
Scattering
Absorption
Interfaces
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