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With the thermal diffusion method, the Tl+ -ion diffusion process in Tl+-Na+ ion-exchanged glass is in details described by the electroneutrality field and the stress, which are generated by the huge dimension difference for Tl+ and Na+ ions and the large difference in diffusion coefficients between Tl+ and Na+ ions. The results of the theoretical analysis and the experiment data by X-ray energy dispersive spectra indicate that the Tl+ diffusion process is found to be a new diffusion law.
Zigang Zhou andXiaojun Hu
"Analysis of refractive index profile in Tl+-Na+ ion-exchanged glass waveguides by x-ray energy dispersive spectra", Proc. SPIE 6019, Passive Components and Fiber-based Devices II, 60192W (3 December 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.634097
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Zigang Zhou, Xiaojun Hu, "Analysis of refractive index profile in Tl+-Na+ ion-exchanged glass waveguides by x-ray energy dispersive spectra," Proc. SPIE 6019, Passive Components and Fiber-based Devices II, 60192W (3 December 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.634097