Statistical model and error analysis of a proposed audio fingerprinting algorithm

E. P. McCarthy; F. Balado; G. C. M. Silvestre; N. J. Hurley

doi:10.1117/12.643090

16 January 2006 Statistical model and error analysis of a proposed audio fingerprinting algorithm

E. P. McCarthy, F. Balado, G. C. M. Silvestre, N. J. Hurley

Proceedings Volume 6073, Multimedia Content Analysis, Management, and Retrieval 2006; 607305 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.643090
Event: Electronic Imaging 2006, 2006, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

In this paper we present a statistical analysis of a particular audio fingerprinting method proposed by Haitsma et al.¹ Due to the excellent robustness and synchronisation properties of this particular fingerprinting method, we would like to examine its performance for varying values of the parameters involved in the computation and ascertain its capabilities. For this reason, we pursue a statistical model of the fingerprint (also known as a hash, message digest or label). Initially we follow the work of a previous attempt made by Doets and Lagendijk^2-4 to obtain such a statistical model. By reformulating the representation of the fingerprint as a quadratic form, we present a model in which the parameters derived by Doets and Lagendijk may be obtained more easily. Furthermore, our model allows further insight into certain aspects of the behaviour of the fingerprinting algorithm not previously examined. Using our model, we then analyse the probability of error (P_e) of the hash. We identify two particular error scenarios and obtain an expression for the probability of error in each case. We present three methods of varying accuracy to approximate P_e following Gaussian noise addition to the signal of interest. We then analyse the probability of error following desynchronisation of the signal at the input of the hashing system and provide an approximation to P_e for different parameters of the algorithm under varying degrees of desynchronisation.

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E. P. McCarthy, F. Balado, G. C. M. Silvestre, and N. J. Hurley "Statistical model and error analysis of a proposed audio fingerprinting algorithm", Proc. SPIE 6073, Multimedia Content Analysis, Management, and Retrieval 2006, 607305 (16 January 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.643090

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KEYWORDS

Statistical analysis

Error analysis

Signal to noise ratio

Interference (communication)

Databases

Matrices

Distortion

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