The process of C0₂, CH₄ and N₂0 molecules' absorption by water clusters is investigated by the molecular dynamics method, the frequency spectra of dielectric permittivity for systems consisting of (H₂O)_n, (C0₂)_i(H₂0)₁₀, (CH₄)_i(H₂0)₁₀ and the (N₂0)_i(H₂0)₁₀ clusters are defined. The calculation and analysis of IR radiation absorption spectra for these systems are carried out. The influence of the clusters' composition on the reflection coefficient of transverse electromagnetic wave from their surface is considered. The capture of greenhouse gas molecules by ultra disperse aqueous medium, reduces the ability of the medium to absorb the Earth's radiation, i.e. reduces the greenhouse effect.

This article aims at applying e-Science methodology to atmospheric aerosol exploration. The amount of atmospheric observation data volumes, both experimental (measurement and observation results) and theoretical (numeric modeling results), is growing intensively. In order to navigate through these volumes they should be turned into information resources by attaching adequate metadata. It is necessary to provide capabilities to process results gained by specialists from different areas working in different organizations. Unified distributed access to heterogeneous information resources and computing systems is needed. Such type of access to Siberian regional data is available via the electronic atlas "Atmospheric aerosols of Siberia".

The effective dipole moment operators for the interacting fundamental nondegenerate v_n bands of different symmetry and degenerate V_t bands are presented. Using symmetry properties of the effective dipole moment parameters, the transition moments are expressed and well-known Herman-Wallis factors are constructed. The case of strong Z-resonances between fundamentals is considered.

This report addresses developing next generation integrated information-computing infrastructure for performing atmosphere physics research. The system aims at transparent integration of heterogeneous data sources collected by monitoring atmosphere physicochemical characteristics. System architecture is elaborated as distributed set of databases surrounded by web/grid-services capable to collect, validate, visualize, and compute data. Such architecture is known as data grid and actively used at scientific automation. It belongs to key constituents of e-Science: an innovative approach to software support of scientific research.

High resolution FT absorption spectrum of H₂S in the near IR region from 10015 to 10323 cm^-1 recorded at Kilt Peak National observatory, USA, has been analyzed for the first time. Three interacting vibrational states: (103), (004), and (400) belonging to the first pentadecade were considered. For the spectrum analysis the Watson-type rotational Hamiltonian which takes into account the resonance interaction between involved vibrational states has been used. One hundred forty four energy levels were reproduced from the fit with an average accuracy of 0.003 cm^-1 for the main isotope species using a set of 27 rotational and coupling parameters. New evaluation ofthe band origin of the dark (400) state: E = 10292.493 cm^-1 has been obtained from the fit to the upper state experimental energy levels which agrees well with the value of the band origin calculated using the effective vibrational Hamiltonian [1]. As a result, the H₂S absorption spectrum was completely analyzed in region under study. The calculated line positions and transition intensities are presented in the "ATMOS" information system. The obtained data on the hydrogen sulfide absorption represent valuable information for investigation ofhighly excited states of H₂S molecule.

The present paper deals with compounds called photosensitizers, namely, psoralens (Ps), 4'-hydroxymethyl-4, 5', 8- trimethyipsoralen (HMTMP) and 10,11-phenyl-21,22-cyclohexylpsoralen (PhChP). The absorption spectra from excited both singlets and triplets states were investigated in this paper. The triplet-triplet and singlet-singlet absorption spectra of PS, HMTMP and PhChP (fig. 1) have been determined using INDO method (see below).

In the report the description of the program 7S (Shell for 6S), its possibilities on simulating of the reflected sunlight in near IR spectral region is described. The well known program 65 is written for work in UNIX (in Fortran language), that causes a mass of inconveniences at calculations, visualization, a choice of necessary parameters that is especially appreciable at routine calculations (for example, changing of solar zenith angle). We undertake attempt to write a Windows application of the 65 program that allows to set working parameters in an interactive mode, to choose corresponding databases, operatively performing calculations and visualize them, transmit data of calculation in other program.

The dipole moment function μ(R) of the X¹Σ⁺ electronic state of LiH molecule for small internuclear separation R has been determined. The calculations were carried out within the framework of the model of a united atom. The wave functions and energy levels of the united Be atom were calculated by ab initio HF method. The dipole moment function obtained at R -> 0 has the form μ(R) = AR³. The numeric value of the coefficient A has been obtained. The limits of an applicability of the united atom approximation for the calculation of the dipole moment of LiH molecule were determined.

In the framework of the DID model the analytical expressions for the tensor components of the dynamic polarizability of X₂...Y dimers have been obtained taking into account the size of X₂ molecule. The polarizability functions of the complexes depend on their configuration and dynamic polarizabilities of the atom Y and the molecule X₂. The dynamic polarizabilities of the complexes X₂...Y (X₂ = N₂, 0₂ and Y = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) have been calculated.

The semiempirical method of construction of the electronic polarizability functions for heteronuclear diatomic molecule in the piecewise-continuous form is discussed. The polarizability functions obtained have true asymptotic behaviour as for small as for large internuclear separations R and describe correctly the polarizability of a molecule in a vicinity of the equilibrium internuclear distance. To describe the polarizability functions for large separations, the DID interactions of atoms have been taken into account, and the exchange interactions of atoms have been considered by asymptotic methods. The method has been applied to calculate the polarizability functions of HF and HCI molecules in a range R ∈ [0,∞).

Software developed by authors for ab initio calculations of energy parameters and physical properties of the microsystems using the scattered wave method allows investigating the changes of their atom-molecular physical characteristics depending on the sizes and dimensions of the systems: atom-molecule-cluster-nanostructure-crystal. Any atoms of Periodic Table calculated in the nonrelativistic approach can form the structure of the considered systems. The work aims to study theoretically the energy and electric characteristics of the atom-molecular systems when the conditions of three-dimensional regulating are fulfilled and the environment are varied. The original software is used to unify the calculation procedure for any state of a system. The regularities of forming of the electronic structure for the microsystems Li - Li₂ - Li₉ - Li₁₅ - Li₉₁ have been studied. The influence of an environment on the three-dimensional regulating of atoms was analyzed. Also, the differences in the electronic structure of the subsystems within the volume and on the surface were studied. The electronic energies of the structural modifications for the three-dimensional systems were compared. The peculiarities of structure of the heteronuclear systems, using the molecule LiH as an example, have been considered. The problem of a choice of the exchange-correlation contribution into the MT-potential was analyzed. The role of interactions of the valence and core states of a molecule to form the dipole moment function depending on the internuclear separations is discussed.

It was created public information system, permitted to solve different problems in a field of collecting, processing and publication of the atmospheric aerosol's data. It was organized data schema, built up interface for access to observational data, based on GIS-technology. It was developed the ontology of this system. It is planned the realization of dynamic interface for searching defined information, based on ontology. On the whole, system allows appreciating the influence of anthropogenic and natural sources on changing of atmospheric aerosol characteristics, solving problems and tasks of ecology.

The wide distribution of the satellite data measurements lead to increase of their role in the solving of the monitoring tasks. Now the set of satellites with the various characteristics works, but data received by device AVHRR of satellite NOAA near 30 years find the maximal application in many tasks of the industry, an agriculture and a science. However, the low spatial resolution, essential geometrical and brightness distortions of the images received from satellite devices AVHRR, established on satellites of series NOAA, complicate their direct analysis algorithms of thematic processing. There is a task of calibration received data to transition from the value directly measured by the device (ADC units) to real physical dimension (W/(m²×sr)), taking into account characteristics of the device at the moment of measurement. Because measurements are carried out not only in subsatellite point, and in some angular span, there is a problem of definition of exact geographical coordinates of a point in which measurement was carried out, and also geometrical correction of a image. Device AVHRR established on satellites of series NOAA, represents the space digital polyzonal system providing reception of the image of a surface of the Earth in 5 spectral channels with the spatial resolution of 1.1 km, the radiometric resolution of 10 bytes (1024 gradation) some times in day. As some satellites of this series simultaneously are in orbits so the same site of a surface of 5-6 times in day is accessible to the review. The width of a strip of scanning of the device makes 2048 points. For solving tasks of the satellite data processing for the educational-research purposes we develop the software "SATELLITEEXPLORER", working as Windows application. This application allows to process of the satellite data of device AVHRR which has been written in format HRPT.

In the report a method of atmospheric gases concentration retrieving from the C0₂-laser gas analyser data on the basis of neural networks (NN) is description. The method of neural networks is compared to the known method of the least squares most frequently meeting at processing of laser signals. One of the problems arising at processing of the lidar signals is stability of the solving (gas concentration) depending on random mistakes of measurement. A method of the neural network as have shown results of numerical modeling, it is possible to relate to a stable method of retrieving of gases concentration from C0₂-laser data.

In article the software designed for calculation of an atmosphere emission radiation on horizontal atmospheric path with the help of the scanning passive Fourier-spectrometer is described. The emission spectrum contains the information on gas composition of an atmosphere and presence of sources of polluting an atmosphere as with the increased temperature (a source of industrial emissions, etc.), and with the increased pollution gas contents. The program is developed for educational research goals.

The propagation of electromagnetic field in the isotropic substance is considered. The corrected Lorentz model of a simple harmonic oscillator is justified, which takes into account the action of magnetic component of electromagnetic field. It is shown that the corrected Lorentz model, except for the term, proportional to electric field intensity, contains the term proportional to the derivative of the electric field intensity. The last term takes into account the action of magnetic component of electromagnetic field.

The paper presents the results of analysis of data of spatiotemporal variations of ozonosphere using modified Caterpillar method of main components (Saint Petersburg University). We use as the studied sample the TOMS satellite data of total ozone (TO) and data of TO reconstruction from annual ring density of coniferous trees for midlatitudes. We explored the possibility of approximation of TO time series based on simple components separated by this method.

The report is devoted to the research of IR spectrum of high temperature (T < 3000 K) and thermodynamic inhomogeneous heat water vapor. The physical models of the description factors of absorption and emissivity within the framework of direct accounts line by line are discussed. The main attention is given to the form of the spectral lines parameters databases of water vapor based on generating information system HOTGAS-H₂0. Assuming that the radiation diffusion and local thermodynamic balance are fulfilled inside a layer, the emissivity calculations for various path conditions of concentration and temperatures 300-3000 K are designed. Thus, stratified environment formed by an user was simulated by layers of various thickness. Approximations of absorption coefficients simplifying considerably calculations are proposed. The estimation of the nonselective absorption of water vapor in the range 8-12 microns for temperatures I 500-3000 K are given for the first time.

Spectrum for smoke absorption factor over the range of 0.28 ÷ 6.5 microns is presented. Measurements were carried out in the model local forest fire at natural convection without a wind. Absorption lines of water vapor (bands of I .8 and 2.7 microns) and carbonic gas (band of 4.3 microns) were identified in the spectrum. It was shown, that the concentration in smokes at the rear of fire front increased by a factor of 1 .5 ÷ 2 for water vapor, and up by a factor of 3 for carbonic gas in comparison with initial concentration in the clean medium.

The theoretical analysis of complex mechanisms of nonlinear interaction of powerful femtosecond laser pulses with the molecular atmosphere is presented on the basis of combined action of "elementary" nonlinear effects such as multiphoton or tunnel ionization, Kerr nonlinearity, nonlinear resonance interaction of gas components. Basic attention is focused on analysis of complex mechanisms of quadratic and cubic nonlinear phenomena in the atmosphere.

This paper presents information system developed for integration of existent albedo database, that is presented as a number of files, into the electronic atlas "Atmospheric aerosols of Siberia" and visualization of these data. The goal the informational system as a whole is to provide transparent integration of distributed sources of data independently of its and the information portal that provides user interface, so end-users can access data without prior knowledge of details where this data is located and how it is accessed by the underlying systems. In this one module of the information system and some architectural decisions during the implementation of the module were described. The module developed integrates catalogs with albedo and the information portal. The module constraints several requirements, so the system as whole allows easy and convenient access to the albedo database from the portal. The integration module is built using the modem technologies and specifications, so it can be easily interoperated with other systems supporting these specifications. System as a whole provides different views on the data, HTML-based interface and GIS-interface.

RHINO, Real-time Histogram Interpretation of Numerical Observations, is a specialty algorithm and tool under development for the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The intent is to provide real-time feedback for adaptive control of telescope pointing for ground-space-ground laser illumination experiments. Nukove together with New Mexico State University first established a proof-of-principle laboratory experiment using RHINO and, under a controlled environment, reduction of the pointing error known as boresight was demonstrated. Additionally, the RHINO algorithm successfully predicted a systematic pointing offset due to solar illumination of a satellite. RHINO is resilient to effects such as glints, speckle, and scintillation. The forthcoming commercially available version of RHINO will use real-time field data and provide adaptive control to the user.

The aim of experimental investigations is study of nonlinear optical acoustic effect during interaction of femtosecond laser pulse (FLP) with laboratory air both in area of laser beam filamentation and outside it.

The theoretical research of possibilities of the bispectral analysis of intensity fluctuations of the optical wave propagation in turbulent atmosphere is studied. The propagation of a plane optical wave in an approximation of a model of a thin phase screen in the turbulence with the pure Kolmogorov spectrum of fluctuations of a dielectric permittivity of atmosphere is considered. Cases of "weak" and "strong" intensity fluctuations of an optical wave asymptotically were studied. Is shown, that the bispectrum of intensity fluctuations of the plane wave propagation in turbulent atmosphere, in area of "weak" fluctuations is equal to zero, and in area of "strong" fluctuations has a two-scale character. The high frequency asymptotic of bispectrum for area of "strong" intensity fluctuations of an optical wave has a description of a bell-shaped surface with a characteristic scale determined to a size of speckle. The characteristic frequency of this asymptotic of spectrum is determined by the radius of a coherence of a plane wave in an atmospheric turbulence and the transversal to direction of propagation component velocities of a wind on a path of propagation. In the same conditions the low-frequency asymptotic of bispectrum is determined to a by second of scale, related with a diffraction on a radius of a coherence of a plane wave in turbulent atmosphere.

The results of the theoretical investigation of the statistical characteristics of fluctuation parameters of a light wave and a random image displacement of a light wave after passing through an atmospheric layer with precipitation are presented in this paper. Statistical characteristics of a light wave propagating in an atmosphere containing a large number of discrete "optical soft" large-scale bodies have been examined in the approximation of a single scattering. Cases of "weak" intensity fluctuations of optical radiation have been considered.

The results of computer simulation of backscattering of the partially coherent pulsed laser beam by atmospheric aerosol or molecular layer are present. Dependence of the mean power of backscattered radiation in the focal plane of receiving telescope on the spatial partial coherence of the laser source is investigated. Analysis is carried out for the ring-shaped transmitting aperture in cases of collimated and focused laser beam incident on scattering layer. It is shown that the mean power depends on the parameters of phase fluctuations of spatially partially coherent laser source.

A new approach to formation of random turbulent screens is proposed. Simulation of temporal fluctuations of refractive index inhomogeneities helps in removing the spatial periodicity arising at the transversal displacement of the screen. This improvement allows the formation of random turbulent screens having an infinite extension. Some examples of the problems of atmospheric turbulent optics are presented along with their numerical solution obtained using the algorithm proposed. The problems under consideration involve simulating long (in time) observation series of characteristics of laser beams propagating through the atmosphere.

The energy and statistical characteristics of laser radiation reflected from an infinite surface in the form of an array of single retroreflectors have been investigated. The study of the reflecting properties of such a surface involved the calculation of the coherence function of the radiation in the reflection plane. Rigorous and high-accuracy approximate expressions have been obtained for this characteristic. The intensity in the far zone and the coherence function of the reflected radiation at an arbitrary distance from the surface have been calculated. Approximate equations have been derived for these characteristics of the radiation. The results of numerical simulation by the Monte Carlo technique have been compared with the rigorous and approximate calculations. It has been shown that in the most significant cases the approximate equations proposed give a deviation within 5% from the rigorous ones and from the results of averaging over numerical realizations. The approximate equations obtained have been used to solve the problem of radiation propagation along sensing paths, including the forward propagation through the turbulent atmosphere, reflection, and backward propagation.

Results of experimental investigations of the spectra of acoustic signals generated by high-power pulsed laser radiation propagating through the atmosphere in the breakdown mode are presented. Laboratory experiments on the study of the spectra of acoustic signals generated by individual plasma formations were carried out using a GOS-1001 laser (λ = 1 .06 μm E_max = 1 kJ, and τ_L =1 ms). Field experiments on the study of the spectra of acoustic signals generated by laser sparks were carried out using high-power pulsed CO₂ lasers (λ = 10.6 μm). The spark was made by laser beam focusing into the atmosphere at distances from 50 to 500 m. The density of acting laser radiation in the caustic region was varied from 8 to 20 J/cm². The special features of laser-induced spectra of acoustic signals radiated by individual plasma formations and discrete laser sparks are discussed.

The wide-angle image device has 360-degree horizontal and 180-degree vertical viewing angles and allows to observe the all-sky in real time. The all-sky image, transformed to a television signal by means of CCD camera, enters onto input of PC's capture card and is digitized. Record of video signal is carried out with frequency at 1 frame per sec. The size of captured video file varies and it depends on duration of light time of day and the window size of the video. In case of addition to the given data of the information about temperature, humidity, and pressure of air, the full data about weather in the specific place of the specific district for any time moment of any day will be received and kept. This database can be used for cloud cover analysis, atmospheric research, pollution monitoring, plume research, UV prediction, and in general meteorology.

The interaction of powerful laser radiation with the dense plasma accompanies by development of different kind of parametric instabilities in the plasma. In the unstable plasma little indignation, up to thermal noise, increase exponentially to time, it exerts influence to macroparameters of plasma. The theory of parametrical resonance shows, that ideas of parametrical instabilities permit to understand effects of the interaction powerful radiation with the laser plasma. The great absorption of light by the laser plasma, the modulation reflection, the generating of laser radiation harmonics by plasma, the parametrical acceleration of plasma particle, the hard ionize radiation of plasma concern by number of these effects. The chemical reactions which lead to the formation of gas halo with high concentration of NO₂, 0₃ and ions oxygen take place in the air surrounding plasma center to interaction of ionize radiation. The gas halos around the plasma optical breakdown center ofthe air screen plasma radiation in the visible spectrum section.

It is presented the results of adaptive correction of turbulent distortions of laser radiation depending on statistical properties of turbulence: refractive index C ²_n and dispersion of phase fluctuations. The correction was realized in system which used the different number of the freedom degrees. In this investigation was used a model of the dynamic turbulence that is identical of sequence of phase screens corresponding to the turbulent distortions at the different moments. It is showed that the efficiency of the correction is depending on the dispersion of the intensity of the beam in the plane of the observation.

In the report the results of investigation of spatial coherence of electromagnetic wave dependence on statistical characteristics of air density inhomogeneities within the altitude interval 20-70 km are presented. The electromagnetic field characteristics are evaluated in frame of phase shifting screen approximation at the plane placed 2×l0³ - 4×10³ km behind atmospheric layer. Considering the impact of outer scale of anisotropic atmospheric inhomogeneities on spatial coherence of registered wave the statistical homogeneity on sphere of the refraction index fluctuations is taken into account. In case of infinitely large outer scales the spatial coherence of the wave affected by the random fields with power-law structure functions is proved to be remaining partially whence the power index exceeds 4 in contraposition to the case of statistically homogeneity in space.

Since 2001 Institute of Astronomy of Russian Academy of Sciences is working out space astrometric mission devoted to the basic problems of modern astronomy - establishment of inertial space co-ordinates frame and measurement of parallaxes of any bright star inside our Galaxy. To do this it was necessary to make astrometric instrument with unprecedent precision of few microseconds of arc. We managed to design such instrument, and now we are ready to move up to the Stage "B" of the project and plan the launch of the mission at 2012-2014. Designed device allows measuring directions to the astronomical sources, and it can also be used for telescope pointing to target objects in the space as well as on the Earth. If optical receiver/transmitter telescope is paced on the geostationary orbit, the laser beam from 1-meter telescope will illuminate a patch on the Earth's surface about 30 meters. To provide stable connection between space and Earth's telescopes it is necessary to have pointing accuracy for both telescopes not worse then 0,015". It is obvious that propagation of light beam through Earth's atmosphere must be very carefully pre-calculated. Besides refraction that changes beam direction, the transmitted from Earth laser beam will be widened by atmosphere turbulence. Widened to diameter 5" beam has to be 500 times more powerful then undistorted one, so study of possible ways of fine handling of the passed through atmosphere beams is valuable for creation of laser communications systems.

In the present study, a class of nonparametric robust estimates of the shift and scale parameters (μ, S) of the form (please see manuscript for formula) is synthesized by the weighted maximum likelihood method based on parametric density estimates, where (see manuscript for formula) are the Walsh half-sums, K(u) is the kernel function, and W(u) is the weighting function: (see formula in manuscript.) The radicalness parameter I determines the weighting functions W(z_ij) executing the process of soft truncation of the estimates depending on a priori information on outliers: the estimates converge to maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) at l = 1 and to radical estimates at l = 0.5. The adaptive estimates converge to radical ones. They belong to the class of nonparametric estimates of implicit parameters, and their study is performed based on the generalized M-estimates.

An analysis of the radicalness criteria and robust estimation algorithms allows us to conclude that all these estimates can be derived based on the weighted maximum likelihood method (WMLM) with the estimation function of the form (see manuscript for formula). In the present study, robust estimates of shifts and scales are synthesized in the class of Student's global supermodels and approximately normal distributions depending on the radicalness parameter l. Algorithms of adaptive robust estimates are suggested. They allow estimates to be adapted to distribution types and local deviations.

An analysis of the results of spaceborne fire detection in the Tomsk Region of Western Siberia allows us to conclude the following. Complex situations often arise in satellite observations in the presence of the atmospheric aerosol or the semitransparent cloudiness when standard algorithms cannot detect automatically small-sized fires from space. In such situations, the problem can be solved successfully by using the atmospheric correction of satellite measurements for the distorting effect of the atmosphere based on atmospheric radiance/scattering models. In this case, a priori information on the optical and meteorological parameters of the atmosphere and on the geometry of observations is used. In the present study, some results of numerical simulation and atmospheric correction for the distorting effect of the atmosphere in the problem of fire detection are given.

During processing of fringes interferogram, a missing data of the interferogram fringes in area of the aperture edge make difficulties for positioning of the equal-phase lines. It results in mistakes of the phase surface recovering at boundary of the interferogram area. Inaccuracy of building of the equal-phase lines in the marginal area directly connected with the width of the interference fringes. In this paper the method of interference fringe tracing in the marginal interferogram area is proposed, the influence of extrapolation of the equal-phase lines on the accuracy of the phase recovering is investigated, results of closed numerical experiments on the interferogram processing are presented.

The accuracy of an interference measurement experiment depends on the conditions of the fringe pattern formation. This work is a study into the influence of the Gaussian inhomogeneity of a laser beam on the error of the wavefront reconstruction. The illuminating laser beam is represented as a Gaussian model. It has been demonstrated that the efficient size of the laser beam influences the measurement error, and this effect is the most pronounced in evaluation of the interferograms with a small number of fringes, especially during high-precision measurements.

The paper describes the operation of an instrument recording a signal from a radiation source scattered by the medium with the known scattering phase matrix. If the recording is made in the absence of background, the Stokes vector parameters are determined S_o of a radiation source, providing the maximum intensity of a scattered signal. If the recording is made with the availability of the background, characterized by the Stokes vector parameters S_f, the Stokes vector parameters S₀ are determined of the radiation source and the receiver polarization characteristics, providing on its sensitive element the maximum ratio between the radiation source scattered signal intensity and the background intensity.

Simultaneously measured shifts in solar and telluric lines of solar spectrum¹ help in revealing the effect of atmospheric instabilities on observations of solar line-of-sight velocities and in decreasing the errors. This paper begins investigations into a possible relationship between seeing and the spectrum of quasi-periodic shifts in telluric water and oxygen lines.

By use of the small angle approximation a set of differential equations describing the space and angular Fourier-specters of the ensemble average intensity in a binary Markovian mixture is considered. Within the framework of this approach analytical expressions for the following values where obtained: the total transferred energy and the effective radius of a narrow beam; the angular dispersion and the intensity of an infinite wide beam; the optical transfer function of the binary Markovian mixture. Results of the analysis show that radiation transfer through binary Markovian mixture differs considerably from transfer through a uniform mixture, and are strongly dependent on the size of the medium inhomogeneities, and the difference of the optical parameters of the mixture components.

In this paper the problem of the light reflection from a turbid medium slab is considered. The method of the single scattering separation on a scattering leading to the radiative propagation direction veering concerning a surface normal, and on a scattering not leading to that is offered. The reflectance factor is represented as a series on the scattering multiplicities with a single change of the direction. For each multiplicity the precise linear integro-differential equation with homogeneous boundary conditions is arrived. The application of the discrete ordinates method brings to the linear matrix equations. The solution of these equations without using the small angle approximation in the form of the matrix exponential curves is obtained. The application range of the quasi-single scattering approximation is uniquely determined.

The solution of the radiative transfer equation for a point unidirectional source is offered using the transformation of spherical geometry to flat. The allocation of the small angle part allows taking into account the solution singularities.

The analytical expression for solving the radiative transfer problem of the arbitrary polarized light in scattering and absorption media in small angle approximation for aerosol scattering matrix is offered. The comparison of the results obtained by using this analytical formula and by the direct matrix computation is realized.

Practically all the real problems of the atmospheric and oceanic optics are based on the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for three-dimensional (3D) medium area with a strong anisotropic scattering. In case of the flat medium geometry the most effective method of the RTE solution is the approach, when the difference between the exact solution and the solution of RTE in the small angle approximation (SAA) is determined. As SAA contains all the singularities of the exact solution, the indicated difference is a smooth angle function that essentially simplifies its determination by any numerical method. The most general SAA form is the small angle modification of the spherical harmonics method (MSH), an analytic form of which is a series on surface harmonic. It determined the choice of the spherical harmonics (SH) method for the definition of the indicated difference. However at the transition to 3D medium geometry the SH method loses its efficiency because of the huge difficulties of the statement of the boundary conditions. At the same time an analytic form of SAA allows easily to calculate the scattering integral in RTE and to determinate the source function. In this case the rest can be determined by the discrete ordinates method (DOM). In DOM RTE is exchanged to a set of the ordinary differential equations for the directions fixed in space (rays) that essentially simplifies a statement of both arbitrary boundary conditions, and accommodation to the complex 3D medium geometry. Such approach is similar to SHDOM, but exceeds it at the convergence rate.

The optical radiation absorbed by a dispersion medium of the finite size has been investigated. It has been showed that the value of energy absorbed depends not only on individual properties of molecules but mainly on the optical volume of medium that can be determinant in evaluating the amount of luminescence yielded. A new mechanism which accompanies a concentrated quenching of luminescence has been discussed.

The influence of space limited dispersion medium on the radiation distribution and picture quality properties obtained from the scattering medium of finite sizes have been investigated. Analytical expressions were obtained for calculation of radiation distribution, border function and visibility of light fringe function. It has been shown that space limited dispersion medium and lighting conditions influence much the picture quality properties.

Propagation properties of cross beam in turbulent medium are studied. A cross beam is constructed by the sum of two highly asymmetric Gaussian beams placed along transverse axes. It is known that such beams, when propagating in free space, will exhibit contrasting diffraction behaviours; they expand widely in one axis, while they are almost non-diffracting in the other axis within useful link lengths. This behaviour allows detecting the two components and a sum component if desired separately with a practical multiaperture receiver. Bearing in mind that this property can be exploited for a diversity scheme, our present work focuses on the propagation of such beams in turbulent atmosphere. To this end, starting with a source field expression of the cross beam, the second order mutual coherence function is formulated at the receiver plane. Intensity plots describing the dependence on the source and propagation parameters on the receiver plane are provided. The results tend to confirm the applicability of the concept provided the design parameters are appropriately chosen. For a decisive assessment, however, turbulence-induced beam wander must also be examined.

The new moment relations connecting function of wavefront aberrations of an optical system and numerical performances of distribution of intensity in the image are obtained. The method of wavefront reconstruction under images of a source in several parallel planes is offered.

Results of application of incoherent spatial filtering for structure analysis of lidar returns from clouds are presented. The revolver disk with a set of the spatial filter windows provides multiple-field-of-view of the receiver system. There is an agreement between data recorded and model estimates considering the power contribution of double scattering component due to diffraction of the sounding radiation in a droplet cloud.

Among the broad audience of problems of atmospheric nonlinear optics the important place is occupied with a problem about interaction of intensive laser radiation with water microparticles. Drops, being in a field of powerful light radiation, owing to effects of evaporation or explosion change the optical characteristics and influence on the optical properties of an environment. It results to that process and the distribution of intensive laser radiation in a particle is characterized by self-influence and is capable to change the internal power of a drop due to occurrence of areas of optical breakdown. In the report the model of destruction of water microparticles under action of supershort laser radiation is submitted. The physical contents of model is the effect of shock boiling up of a liquid at it gas-dynamic expansion from areas subject to optical breakdown.

The filamentation behavior of femtosecond laser pulses in air in the presence of aerosol on the optical path is simulated numerically on the base of (3D+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The effect of a localized attenuating layer modeling an aerosol medium extinction on the spatial extension and evolution of a light filament is investigated. It is shown for the first time that the filamentation length depends not only on the optical depth of the aerosol layer and pulse peak power but also on aerosol location on the propagation path. The length of the filament is maximal if the nonlinear focus of the beam is located behind the aerosol layer rather than before it.

The main effective parameters of high-power femtosecond laser radiation (energy transfer coefficient, effective radius, effective duration, limiting angular divergence, and effective intensity) during its propagation along an atmospheric horizontal path under the conditions of filamentation have been investigated theoretically. It is shown that the process of self-action of this radiation is characterized by formation of a nonlinearity layer, after which the radiation propagates linearly with the limiting divergence lower that the initial diffraction-limited divergence of the beam. The effective pulse duration and the effective beam radius increase after the passage through the nonlinearity layer, and their values are mostly determined by the initial beam power and weakly depending on the initial spatial focusing of the beam. The coefficient of energy transmission for the femto-second pulse is lower than in the linear medium and has a tendency to decrease with the increase of the power.

The possibility of chirped laser pulses application for "high-altitude" light filament generation during propagation of the high-power femtosecond radiation on vertical atmospheric path taking into account the changing of a nonlinear interactions constants versus altitude. It is shown on the basis of the model of barometrical reduction of the air density and corresponding increase of the critical self-focusing power we can really operate the nonlinear beam focus location using chirping. The pulse without frequency modulation propagates on th path in linear regime without filament forming and chirping of such pulse leads to its temporal compression and as a result to light filament formation with high peak intensity.