This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7296, including the Title Page, Copyright Information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.

A problem of the consistent normal mode labeling for water-like molecules is discussed based on the effective vibrational Hamiltonian approach. The main contributions to the resulting vibrational wave functions of the H₂S molecule are presented. It is shown that due to resonance mixing, the proposed normal mode notations of the highly excited vibrational states of H₂S become ambiguous for the energies higher than 12000 cm^-1 and have to be used with caution.

The theory of the spectrum shape relaxation parameters taking into account induced by collisions line mixing effects has been used for analyzing the rotational spectral lines of symmetric top molecules broadening. The calculations of the broadening coefficients and the relaxation parameters of the singlet and doublet lines of some symmetric top molecules were carried out and the results were compared with the available experimental data. It is found the line mixing effects may practically be ignored in the singlets broadening, but they are very important in the doublets broadening.

The given work is devoted to theoretical investigation of optical radiation absorption by non-spherical shapes ice particles. For oriented crystals it is shown that the change of absorption coefficient in the greater degree is connected to volumes of crystals, and the spectral behavior in the infrared follows the features of the spectrum of absorption index of ice. Application of "vector-parametrical method" essentially simplifies consideration of the numerous tasks concerning changes of polarized characteristics of light beam passing through anisotropic environments. There is considered an absorption coefficient vector. Variations of physical parameters such as, sizes, shapes, refractive index, and orientation of crystals and also length of wave of incident radiation support the changes of elements of extinction matrix and phase matrix for oriented particles which determine the absorption coefficient vector. Thereupon IR range from optical spectrum of wavelength is more preferential to study the optical characteristic of ice clouds.

Low earth orbit space assets, such as communications satellites, may become the targets of threats in the form of nearby (meters away) satellites. Such threats, due to their often small size, are referred to as micro-sats. Knowledge of the pres-ence of a micro-sat near an asset, in particular its size and relative location, may prove invaluable in determining the danger that the threat presents. Few commercial satellites are launched with the on-board capability to detect the pres-ence of such threats. Complex imaging systems with adaptive optics offer the possibility of threat detection but at prohi-bitive cost for regular use. This paper introduces a non-imaging approach with considerably less expense than adaptive optics based systems. In a previous paper¹ the authors presented a novel concept to distinguish between symmetric and oblong objects using a rotating far-field beam pattern. This current paper modifies the approach to consider a far-field pattern that consists of two beams, offset in angle, with one rotating about a stabilized central beam. Creation of the spilt-beams in not difficult optically and rotation may be achieved using a K-mirror. The reflected signal viewed as a time-series, will exhibit a spike when the rotating portion passes over a threat and the angular separation will determine the proximity of the threat to the asset.

The special features of an optical field formed inside a micron-sized weakly absorbing spherical dielectric particle illuminated by a spatially bounded Gaussian beam in the form of a single pulse or an ultrashort laser pulse train are considered. It is established that the efficiency of incident radiation energy transfer to a given high-Q natural resonance of the particle illuminated by a focused light beam significantly depends on the pulse period-to-pulse duration ratio in the train and linear frequency modulation depth of each pulse. The influence of the geometry of particle illumination and of the number of pulses in the train on the time dependence of the internal particle field and its peak intensity is investigated.

It is presented the results of measurement of turbulent distortions on basis of numerical model of wave front sensor. It is shown that the correction by adaptive system is efficiently if are defined the values of controlling forces on mirror surface and are obtained a priori estimations of turbulence parameters and a cross forming of wind speed.

Based on the results of repeated measurements of under dome airstreams parameters of the AZT-33 telescope, some conclusions have been drawn, allowing improvement in quality of astronomic images in the telescope. After fulfillment of a part of recommended works, changes of under dome climate were compared with the measurements of 2005. New measurements verify the results obtained in 2005. Mixing of warm and cold air is observed inside the telescope after dome opening as well as one-order-of-magnitude increase of turbulence intensity in front of the input telescope mirror after dome opening. A changed pattern of under dome airstreams has been constructed. Further measures on qualitative thermal insulation of the under dome room are recommended. Astronomic observations are to be carried out only after ending of transient processes concerned with dome opening.

Processes of Benard cell origination and disintegration in air are studied experimentally. It is shown that temperature gradients cause a Benard cell. Our data confirm the main scenarios of turbulence origination (Landau-Hopf, Ruelle-Takens, Feigenbaum, and Pomeau-Menneville stochastic scenarios). It is ascertained that a Benard cell disintegrates according to the Feigenbaum scenario. In this case, the main vortex in the Benard cell is decomposed into smaller ones as a result of ten period-doubling bifurcations. It is shown that the resulting turbulence is coherent and determinate; the fractal character (local self-similarity) of its spectrum is found. These results allow the definition of a coherent structure as a compact formation containing a long-lived threedimensional hydrodynamic cell (originating from long-term action of thermodynamic gradients) and products of its discrete coherent cascade disintegration. The coherent structure answers all the signs of chaos occurrence (turbulence) in typical thermodynamic structures. On the base of the results, presented in this work, a coherent structure can be considered as a key turbulence element. It is shown that the real atmospheric turbulence is the result of mixing of different coherent structures.

The paper describes the results of measurements of basic parameters of the atmosphere in different geographic regions and meteorological conditions. For the measurements a mobile ultrasonic meteorological system was used. It has been demonstrated that in the mountain conditions the turbulence is of not Kolmogorov character and has the expressed characteristics of the coherent structure. As a result of data analysis more than 30 points of observations were found and the values were improved of the Kolmogorov and Obukhov constants C and C_θ and the applicability limits of the Kolmogorov-Obukhov law were determined for coherent turbulence as compared with an incoherent Kolmogorov turbulence. The authors determined the coherent structure and their basic characteristics are indicated.

The paper describes the results of measurements of basic atmospheric parameters in different geographic regions and meteorological situations. For the measurements a mobile ultrasonic meteorological system was used. It is shown that in the mountain conditions the turbulence is of not Kolmogorov character and has the expressed characteristics of the coherent structure. The authors determined the coherent structure and their basic characteristics are indicated. The coherent turbulence differs from the incoherent Kolmogorov turbulence, and in this connection a comparison is made of amplitude-phase characteristics of the optical radiation in both cases. On a basic of the model of a three-dimensional spectrum of the temperature fluctuations the authors derived the expressions for the average square of the amplitude logarithm fluctuations <Χ²> in the approximation of geometric optics and under applicability conditions of the smooth perturbations method (MSP). For the coherent turbulence the authors obtained the expression of a vibration dispersion of a laser beam energy centre and the expression of dispersion of random shifts of a sources image characterized by coordinates of centre of gravity of intensity distribution in the telescope focal plane. It is shown that in the coherent turbulence as compared with the Kolmogorov turbulence a considerable decrease both of amplitude and phase characteristics of the optical radiation fluctuations takes place.

The paper describes the results of the measurements of telescope actroclimate characteristics in the mountains on the lake Baikal shore and in the Sayan foothills. For the measurements a mobile ultrasonic meteorological system was used. It is shown that the place of arrangement of telescopes on the lake Baikal shore is favorable to daytime observations, the quality of astronomical images during daytime observations (in summer and in the autumn) will be higher than during night observations. It is demonstrated that in the mountain conditions the turbulence is of not Kolmogorov character and has marked characteristics of the coherent structure.

High-altitude profiles of the parameters of atmospheric air currents in the lower surface layer were measured with the use of a meteorological mast of 32 m in height. A mobile ultrasonic meteosystem was used for the measurements. The theory of similarity for turbulence in anisotropic boundary layer has been verified. The measured vertical profiles of main turbulence parameters have an oscillating character. High-altitude profiles of vertical outer scale are given, reconstructed from measurements by two independent techniques. An equation for the outer turbulence scale is given, determined by the departure from the 2/3-law in the structure temperature function. This scale depends on temperature dispersion and structural characteristic of temperature fluctuations. A satisfactory agreement between values of such outer scale and those of the Tatarskii outer scale is observed.

Measurement results of main atmospheric parameters are given for different geographical areas and meteorological situations. A mobile ultrasonic meteosystem was used for the measurements. It is shown that turbulence in mountains has non-Kolmogorov character and pronounced features of coherent structure. The authors define coherent structures and specify their main properties. In particular, structure functions and values of the Kolmogorov and Obukhov constants vary for the coherent turbulence in comparison with the Kolmogorov incoherent one. The structure function of temperature fluctuations has been calculated on the base of model three-dimensional spectrum of coherent turbulence; the behavior of its asymptotes has been studied.

The present paper is devoted to modeling radiative heat transfer in forming planetary systems. A solution of the transfer equation with multiple sources for dusty media of spherical polydispersive particles is considered. An algorithm for computation of the temperature distribution in circumstellar disks is proposed. Coincidence of numerical results and known analytical cases is shown. The spatial distributions of optical characteristics and matter temperature of β - Pictoris debris disk are obtained for a low spatial resolution.

Experimental results of influence of Ti:Sapphire laser pulses with duration of 50 fs and energy up to 12 mJ on different types of optical materials are presented. Threshold levels of radiation pulse action on condensed media were determined; a character of surface degradation was investigated. Differences in evolution of the interaction processes of radiation pulses of femtosecond and nanosecond durations were shown. The results of these investigations can be used both for laser technique design and development of new technologies of material processing. At the investigations, spectral-energy dependences of filamented laser pulse emission for various laser pulse energies were determined as well as spectral characteristics of supercontinuum formed output from transparent optical media. Prevail of short-wave spectrum wing of a supercontinuum was shown for condensed media. Dependence of supercontinuum energy on incident radiation energy was determined.

Experimental determination of cloud base height (CBH) by a passive monostatic method by means of opto-electronic ceilometer model was carried out. The model of a ceilometer is two black-and-white CCD-cameras having closest sighting lines. Focal lengths for optical systems of used television cameras were selected for the possibility of measuring the CBH from 50 to 1500 m. Obtained by cameras the pictures with different scale images of selected for measure of cloudiness fragments are digitized on computer and are processed. The algorithm for determining the CBH using the proposed model of ceilometer is described and results of experimental measurements are shown.

While radiation passes through medium, oriented particles can change not only the energy characteristics of the incident beam but also the state of its polarization. For full description the process of light extinction it is considered an extinction matrix, which involves the manifestation of dichroism and anisotropy. One of values which are entered in integrodifferential equation it is extinction. In this work there is proved the necessity of the account of the extinction matrix in the vector form radiative transfer equation for medium containing from oriented particles.

This paper presents the results of investigations of mid-latitude upper atmosphere response to tropical cyclones, which were observed over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in September-October 2005. It is accepted that internal atmospheric waves (IAWs) are one of physical mechanisms of the interaction between the troposphere and ionosphere. It is also assumed that IAWs travel upward along oblique trajectories and manifest themselves in the upper atmosphere as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Such TIDs can be registered at distances of some thousands of kilometers from the IAWs tropospheric source. To check up this hypothesis we have carried out statistical and harmonic analyses of data of the vertical sounding of the upper atmosphere in the East Siberian and Far Eastern regions of Russia, in the China and in the Australia. The disturbances, which most probably can be associated with cyclones, were picked out from variations of ionospheric F-region parameters: the increase of oscillation amplitude in the range of periods 1.5-6 h; essential deviation of F-region parameters from their medians.

The altitude and temporal variations of the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere temperature for the Irkutsk region (52°N, 104°E) over the period from August 2004 to March 2008 has been analyzed. We used the satellite data of vertical temperature distribution by MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) aboard the spacecraft EOS Aura. Diurnal, interdiurnal and seasonal variations of the temperature were considered for height levels about 11, 50, and 80 km. The mean annual temperature variations at given heights were obtained by averaging for each day of year for the investigated period. The temporal variations of the temperature and the height of the stratopause and mesopause for day and night conditions were studied. We have plotted and analyzed altitude-temporal maps of the atmosphere temperature distribution for each month of the period under consideration. The existence of considerably different temperature regimes in the middle atmosphere for summer and winter periods is underlined. In summer, the altitude temperature distribution at the considered height interval is regular with well-defined warm stratopause and cold mesopause. In winter, the altitude temperature distribution is of irregular structure; well-defined stratopause and mesopause are absent.

Space-temporal distributions of main characteristic stratified inhomogeneities in the troposphere of the Russian Far East are considered: heights of the bottom boundary and intensity. To develop statistical models of the radiotroposphere it is necessary to study the vertical extension structure of the refraction. The analysis of radiosound measurements at subarctic aerological stations has shown, that maximum quantities of inhomogeneities N are concentrated in the atmospheric layer from 1 to 2 kilometers. At subartic continental stations during the cold season, anomalies of the N structures are observed more often and occur in higher layers of the atmosphere. The vertical extension of layers reaches 400 m., and the range variation of layer intensity is (3.1-15.5) N-units. At the station of Magadan, it is revealed that the maximum number of inhomogeneities is observed during the spring-summer season when the layers extend to 340 m., and the intensity changes in the range of (4.7-9.3) N-units.

On the basis of the photochemical model for atomic oxygen [OI] 558 nm nightglow emission and an approximate expression for the altitude distribution of the atomic oxygen density in the MLT region at night, we develop a method for deriving the peak density of atomic oxygen in the MLT region from atomic oxygen [OI] 558 nm nightglow intensity. By using this method, the peak density of atomic oxygen is derived from the 558 nm airglow data received at the ISTP SB RAS Geophysical observatory in 2000-2004. The nocturnal variations and the seasonal variations of 558 nm airglow intensity and the derived peak density of atomic oxygen are considered. The results show that nocturnal variation of the 558 nm airglow intensity changes with season and that the monthly mean 558 nm airglow intensity changes with month, showing peaks in March, June and October, and larger values in the winter months The nocturnal and the seasonal variations of the peak density of atomic oxygen are generally similar to those of 558 nm airglow intensity.

In the given report results of complex radiophysical experimental measurements magnetospheric and ionospheric effects of a solar eclipse in northeast of Russia (March, 1988 and June, 1990) are considered. For research materials of ground vertical sounding, data about a condition of a magnetic field and record of signals radio stations are used. It is established, that reaction of an ionosphere to passage of a lunar shadow is shown in increase minimal and operating heights of reflection of a F-layer (approximately on 20-25 km), reduction of critical frequencies of a F2-layer and in falling concentration of the electron in a maximum of a F- layer (up to 50 % in the maximal phase of an eclipse), usually characteristic for a night ionosphere.