PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.
This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7596, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Biochemical Visualization for Clinical Applications
Surgical technology advances slowly and only when there is overwhelming need for change. Change is
resisted by surgeons and is made hard by FDA rules that inhibit innovation. There is a pressing need to
improve surgeon's visualization of the operative field during laparoscopic surgery to minimize the risk
for significant injury that can occur when surgeons are operating around delicate, hidden structures. We
propose to use a Digital Light Processor-based hyperspectral imaging system to assist an operating
surgeon's ability to see through tissues and identify otherwise hidden structures such as bile ducts
during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Information is presented as to the design of a versatile pattern light projection device that has been essential in
the development of the Artemis Broad Spectrum Vision System for imaging of spatial tissue oxygen-saturation
measurement as well as of near infrared fluorescent-labeled tumors to facilitate their surgical removal. The
combined technology for molecular imaging (Artemis Camera) and image-guided projection of light (Artemis
DMD-Projection System) is of significant benefit for various clinical applications. In case of tissue oxygen
measurements, the application of illumination patterns of specific near-infrared light and concomitant read out of
reflected light from non-illuminated areas theoretically will reveal information from deeper structures. As
regards tumor surgery, photodynamic therapy for elimination of tumor tissue is the most exciting and even more
demanding, in that the areas to be illuminated perfectly have to match the areas where cancerous tissue is
detected. Several performance criteria had to be met for the projection system: mixing wavelengths from
different light sources via a 3-channel prism; apochromatic from 430 to 1,000 nm; the projector's zoom-function
to follow the Artemis camera zoom settings; the angle of projection to adapt to the full working distance range;
and the integration of O2view´s custom camera controls with the DLP-chip.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Utilizing seed funding from Texas Instruments, a DLP (R)Hyperspectral Imaging system was developed by integrating a
focal-plane array, FPA, detector with a DLP based spectrally tunable illumination source. Software is used to
synchronize FPA with DLP hardware for collecting spectroscopic images as well as running novel illumination schemes
and chemometric deconvolution methods for producing gray scale or color encoded images visualizing molecular
constituents at video rate. Optical spectra and spectroscopic image data of a variety of live human organs and diseased
tissue collected from patients during surgical procedures and clinical visits being cataloged for a database will be
presented.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Novel hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods may play several important roles in Combat Casualty Care: (1) HSI of the
skin may provide spatial data on hemoglobin saturation of oxygen, as a "window" into perfusion during shock. (2) HSI
or similar technology could be incorporated into closed-loop, feedback-controlled resuscitation systems. (3) HSI may
provide information about tissue viability and/or wound infection. (4) HSI in the near-infrared range may provide
information on the tissue water content--greatly affected, e.g., by fluid resuscitation. Thus, further refinements in the
speed and size of HSI systems are sought to make these capabilities available on the battlefield.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Mapping of absolute oxygen levels in the brain is critical during stroke and other disorders. One of the standard
methods for measuring oxygen tension is through oxygen dependent quenching of phosphorescence. Typically
these measurements are limited to a single spatial location due to the need to measure phosphorescence lifetimes.
We have developed an instrument to obtain spatial maps oxygen tension in the brain by combining a DMD with
phosphorescence lifetime measurements. Blood flow is measured simultaneously with laser speckle contrast
imaging. In this paper we describe this instrument and demonstrate its use in studying stroke progression in
animal models.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Human vision by a clinical practitioner is often the first disease detection tool. Illumination for such procedures as endoscopy use broadband white light, with luminance level being the only control available. The use of staining dyes for contrast improvement have shown limited adoption due to the additional steps needed and small number of approved dyes for in vivo use. Here we explore the control of the illuminant spectral distribution to improve chromatic contrast without the use of dyes. The computational steps used in converting spectral data to RGB and use of the CIELAB chromatic and luminance contrast metric as criteria in determining the appropriate lighting spectral distribution will be discussed. The skin on the back of the hand and the skin section over a vein are used as examples of tissue features to be contrasted. A 3-wavelelength LED lamp and an incandescent lamp with the yellow spectral region filtered out are shown as examples that spectrally-shaped illumination can enhance visual contrast.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
We report the development of a confocal fluorescence imaging system based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD). A
DMD has an advantage of offering lateral sample scanning with programmable light modulation at an ultrahigh speed,
while providing pinhole arrays on the source and/or detector side to enhance depth and lateral resolution for confocal
detection. In this paper, we present a DMD-based fluorescence detection system for studying dynamics of multiple cells
in vitro that are cultured in a microfluidic cell culture device. For feasibility, we tested the optical system using USAF
target and studied imaging with fluorescence microbeads (φ = 10 μm) as an equivalent to a cell.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) have emerged in recent years as a powerful form of optically-induced dielectrophoresis
for addressing single cells and trapping individual nanostructures with DMD-based virtual-electrodes. In this technique
an alternating electric field is used to induce a dipole within structures of interest while very low-intensity optical images
are used to produce local electric field gradients that create dynamic trapping potentials. Addressing living cells,
particularly for heat-sensitive cell lines, with OET's optical virtual-electrodes requires an in-depth understanding of
heating profiles within OET devices. In this work we present quantitative measurements of the thermal characteristics of
single-crystalline-silicon phototransistor based optoelectronic tweezers (PhOET). Midwave infrared (3 - 5 micron)
thermographic imaging is used to determine relative heating in PhOET devices both with and without DMD-based
optical actuation. Temperature increases of approximately 2°C from electrolyte Joule-heating are observable in the
absence of DMD-illumination when glass is used as a support for PhOET devices. An additional temperature increase of
no more than 0.2°C is observed when DMD-illumination is used. Furthermore, significantly reduced heating can be
achieved when devices are fabricated in direct contact with a metallic heat-sink.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Laser beams with precisely controlled intensity profiles are essential for many areas of optics and optical physics. We
create such beams from real-world lasers: quasi-Gaussian beams obtained directly from a laser and beam-expanding
telescope without spatial filtering. Our application is to form optical standing-wave lattices for Bose-Einstein
condensates in quantum emulators. This requires controlled amplitude and flat phase, and that the beam be free of
temporal modulation from either pixel dithering or refresh cycles. We describe the development of the pattern design
algorithms and demonstrate the performance of a high precision beam shaper to make flattop beams and other spatial
profiles with similarly low spatial frequency content. The digital micromirror device (DMD) was imaged through a
telescope containing a pinhole low-pass filter. An error diffusion algorithm was used to design the initial DMD pixel
pattern based on the input beam profile. This pattern was iteratively refined based on output image measurements. We
demonstrate forming a variety of beam profiles including flattop beams and beams with 1-D linear intensity variation,
both with square and circular cross-sections. Produced beams had less than 0.25% root-mean-square (RMS) error with
respect to the target profile and nearly flat phase.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The two approaches presented in this paper consist of splitting the tracking action into two sub-systems. The
decoupling of local scanning and global scanning functions is an alternative solution to the use of fast-steering,
power-consuming galvanometric scanner. Applications targeted are multi-object tracking and 3D perception in
safe condition. This paper presents more specifically an approach based on a Risley prism configuration steering a
laser pattern dynamically shaped by a DMD allowing a good compromise for the refresh rate and the precision.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Programmable array microscopes (PAMs) use "multi-pinhole" masks in confocal image planes to introduce illumination
and block the "out-of-focus light". Compared to traditional confocal microscopes (CM), PAM systems have higher
efficiency in utilizing the signal light and faster image acquisition speed. However, these advantages are gained at the
cost of using more complicated optics and detectors. Compressive sampling (CS) measurement patterns can be used as
pinhole masks in PAM systems. With CS patterns, the light collected after the detector mask can be summed up and
used to reconstruct the imaging scene via solving an l1-minimization problem. Only a simple relay-lens and a singlepixel
detector are needed to measure the intensity of the summed light. Therefore the optical complexity associated with
conventional PAM systems can be reduced. Since only a single-pixel detector is needed, this system can also be called a
single-pixel PAM or SP-PAM system. In this work, we introduce the design and fabrication of a prototype SP-PAM
system. In this system, scrambled-block Hadamard ensembles (SBHE) are used as CS measurement patterns and a
digital micromirror device (DMD) is employed to realize these patterns.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The EUCLID mission from the European Space Agency (ESA) will study the dark universe by characterizing a very
high number of galaxies in shape and in spectrum. The high precision spectra measurements could be obtained via
multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) using Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD). These devices would act as object
selection reconfigurable masks. ESA has engaged with Visitech and LAM in a technical assessment of the DMD from
Texas Instruments that features a 2048 x 1080 mirrors and a 13.68μm pixel pitch for space applications. For EUCLID,
the device should work in vacuum, at low temperature, and each MOS exposure lasts 1500s with micromirrors held in a
static state (either ON or OFF) during that duration.
A specific thermal / vacuum test chamber has been developed for test conditions down to -40°C at 10-5 mbar vacuum.
Imaging capability for resolving each micromirror has also been developed for determining any single mirror failure.
Dedicated electronics and software permit to hold any pattern on the device for a duration as long as 1500s. Our first
tests reveal that the DMD remains fully operational at -40°C. A 1038 hours life test, in EUCLID conditions
(temperature and vacuum) has been successfully completed. Total Ionizing Dose (TID) radiation tests have been
completed, establishing between 10 and 15 Krads, the level of TID that the DMD can tolerate; at mission level, this
limitation could most likely be overcome by a proper shielding of the device. Finally, thermal cycling, vibration tests
and MOS-like tests are under way.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
Time resolved 3D-microscopy using DMD-arrays utilizes the principles of confocal microscopy. Application fitted
patterns optimize optical imaging of reflective, transparent, and fluorescent objects. Diffraction limited spatial resolution
is achieved at simultaneously high temporal resolution due to fast DMD controlling. This enables to visualize and track
processes in vivo within living biocells as well as fast structural volume and surface mapping.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The Use of DMD based Rapid Manufacturing Systems has proven to be very advantageous in the production of highly
accurate plastic based components for use in mass customization market such as hearing aids, and dental markets. The
voxelization process currently afforded with the DLP technology eliminates any layering effect associated with all
existing additive Rapid Manufacturing technologies. The smooth accurate surfaces produced in an additive process
utilizing DLP technology, through the voxelization approach, allow for the production of custom finished products. The
implementation of DLP technology in rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing systems allow for the usage of highly
viscous photopolymer based liquid and paste composites for rapid manufacturing that could not be used in any other
additive process prior to implementation of DLP technology in RP and RM systems. It also allowed for the greater
throughput in production without sacrificing quality and accuracy.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The development of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) by Texas Instruments has made a significant breakthrough
in 3D micro-manufacturing, and in particular, in the area of additive layer-based manufacturing. One area of particular
interest for using DMD technology is microstereolithography; a technology that builds 3D shapes through successive
photopolymerization of individual thin 2D layers that are stacked vertically. A DMD-based projection
microstereolithography system and a robust micro-manufacturing process have been developed. This system and
various micro-fabricated 3D structures with features on the order of 10 microns, including recent advancements in multimaterial
micro-fabrication, will be presented and described.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
A key parameter in evaluating the performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells is characterization of
electrical response to various incident source spectra. Conventional techniques utilize monochromators that
emit single band-passes across a spectral region of interest. Since many solar cells respond differently at
different broadband source light levels, a white bias light source that raises the overall light level to simulate
the sun's broadband emission is typically introduced. However, such sources cannot render realistic solar
continua. We present some initial results demonstrating how a spectrally-dispersed broadband source
modulated with Texas Instruments' Digital Light Projection (DLP®) technology can be used to more faithfully
synthesize solar spectra for this application.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
The DMD™ (Digital Micromirror Device) has become an integral part of the instrumentation for many applications.
Prior characterization of this device has been focused on its use in DLP™ (TI Digital Light Processing)
projector applications where a collimated wavefront impinges on the DMD. The results of such investigations
are not applicable to using DMDs at the focal plane of an optical system where it is used as a slit mask (e.g.
in a multi-object spectrometer). In order to study the DMD scattering function in this second case, a subpixel
spot scanning system has been assembled. The scattered light collected from this system allowed a subpixel
scattering function to be determined for the DMD when illuminated by a converging beam.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.