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The influence of the Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPp) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm III B) as active ingredients on the
droplet size of nano-emulsion was studied using different kinds of oil (avocado oil, sweet almond oil, jojoba oil, mineral
oil and squalene). The formation of nano-emulsions were prepared in water mixed non ionic surfactant/oils system using
the spontaneous emulsification mechanism. The aqueous solution, which consist of water and Tween® 20 as a
hydrophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously. The organic solution, which consist of oil and Span® 80 as a lipophilic
surfactant was mixed homogenously in ethanol. Ethanol was used as a water miscible solvent, which can help the
formation of nano-emulsion. The oil phase (containing the blend of surfactant Span® 80, ethanol, oil and active
ingredient) and the aqueous phase (containing water and Tween® 20) were separately prepared at room temperatures.
The oil phase was slowly added into aqueous phase under continuous mechanical agitation (18000 rpm). All samples
were subsequently homogenized with Ultra-Turrax for 30 minutes. The characterizations of nano-emulsion were carried
out using photo-microscope and particle size analyzer. Addition of active ingredients on the formation of nano-emulsion
gave smallest droplet size compared without active ingredients addition on the formation of nano-emulsion. Squalene oil
with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPm) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm IIIB) gave smallest droplet size (184.0 nm) compared
without Palmitoyl Pentapeptide and Ceramide IIIB (214.9 nm), however the droplets size of the emulsion prepared by
the other oils still in the range of nano-emulsion (below 500 nm). The stability of nano-emulsion was observed using two
methods. In one method, the stability of nano-emulsion was observed for three months at temperature of 5°C and 50°C,
while in the other method, the stability nano-emulsion was observed by centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes. Nanoemulsion
with active ingredient was remained stable even when stored until three months. Coalescence process between
the droplets was not occurred significantly and droplet size was still below 500 nm. Over all, the emulsion remained
stable, even it was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes.
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