This PDF file contains the Front Matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7745, including Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Conference Committee listing, and Introduction.

SPIE - PSP WILGA Symposium gathers two times a year in January and in May new adepts of advanced photonic and electronic systems. The event is oriented on components and applications. WILGA Symposium on Photonics and Web Engineering is well known on the web for its devotion to "young research" promotion under the eminent sponsorship of international engineering associations like SPIE and IEEE and their Poland Sections or Counterparts. WILGA is supported by the most important national professional organizations like KEiT PAN and PSP-Photonics Society of Poland. The Symposium is organized since 1998 twice a year. It has gathered over 4000 young researchers and published over 2000 papers mainly internationally, including more than 900 in 10 published so far volumes of Proc. SPIE. This paper, in two parts, is a digest of WILGA Symposium Series (part 1) and WILGA 2010 summary (part 2). Part 1 (this one) treats WILGA Photonics Applications characteristics over the period 1998-2010. Part 2 presents a short report on the XXVth and XXVIth Symposia held consecutively in January and May 2010. The events took place on 29- 30 January at the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technologies of Warsaw University of Technology and on 24- 30 May in Wilga Village near Warsaw. Both meetings gathered around 200 young researchers with 150 papers presented on current subjects of advanced photonics and electronics issues. Apart of young researchers the Wilga Symposium is always richly attended by students' mentors and tutors.

SPIE - PSP WILGA Symposium gathers two times a year in January and in May new adepts of advanced photonic and electronic systems. The event is oriented on components and applications. WILGA Symposium on Photonics and Web Engineering is well known on the web for its devotion to "young research" promotion under the eminent sponsorship of international engineering associations like SPIE and IEEE and their Poland Sections or Counterparts. WILGA is supported by the most important national professional organizations like KEiT PAN and PSP-Photonics Society of Poland. The Symposium is organized since 1998 twice a year. It has gathered over 4000 young researchers and published over 2000 papers mainly internationally, including more than 900 in 10 published so far volumes of Proc. SPIE. This paper, in two parts, is a digest of WILGA Symposium Series (part 1) and WILGA 2010 summary (part 2). Part 1 treats WILGA Photonics Applications characteristics over the period 1998-2010. Part 2 (this one) presents a short report on the XXVth and XXVIth Symposia held consecutively in January and May 2010. The events took place on 29- 30 January at the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technologies of Warsaw University of Technology and on 24- 30 May in Wilga Village near Warsaw. Both meetings gathered around 200 young researchers with 150 papers presented on current subjects of advanced photonics and electronics issues. Apart of young researchers the Wilga Symposium is always richly attended by students' mentors and tutors.

Electronics is under development in this country in an organized and institutional way since the beginning of 30-ties of the previous century. It grew up from electrical engineering of weak currents and its first name used popularly was communications. It was time when television was born and the radio was maturing. Electronics is a branch of research and technology which deals with generation and processing of electrical and electromagnetic signals. A subject of telecommunications is signal transmission for a distance. Electronics and telecommunications (ET) includes or is combined with other branches like: microelectronics, radioelectronics, optoelectronics, photonics, acoustoelectronics, magnetronics, bioelectronics, energoelectronics, material engineering, semiconductor physics, automation and robotics, mechatronics and microsystems, informatics, teleinformatics, software engineering and other. Devices and functional systems of ET such as computers, data warehouses, cell phones, TV sets, Internet, GPS are build of electronic components and circuits. ET is a branch which belongs to hi-tech area, where the products gather a large load of knowledge of value overcoming frequently the price of work and material. ET has recently turned to an active participant of the processes of generation, storing, processing, transportation, distribution and usage of knowledge in the society. ET started to create artificial intelligence, co-creates intellectual property, searches for knowledge in big data sets, aids medicine, extends virtual/augmented reality, builds Internet of persons and things, strengthens security, protects natural environment, facilitates our life, aids our decisions, activates individuals, equalizes chances, provides convenient personal communications and access to data, starts building a penetrating ubiquitous infrastructure, ceases to be only a branch of technology, grows into the social space, touches culture, sociology, psychology and art. Such an important role of ET is combined with the existence in the society of an adequate infrastructure which recreates the full development cycle of high technology embracing: people, institutions, finances and logistics, in this also science, higher education, education, continuous training, dissemination and outreach, professional social environment, legal basis, political support and lobbying, innovation structures, applications, industry and economy. The digest of chosen development tendencies in ET was made here from the academic perspective, in a wider scale and on this background the national one, trying to situate this branch in the society, determine its changing role to build a new technical infrastructure of a society based on knowledge, a role of builder of many practical gadgets facilitating life, a role of a big future integrator of today's single bricks into certain more useful unity. This digest does not have a character of a systematic analysis of ET. It is a kind of an arbitrary utterance of the authors inside their field of competence. The aim of this paper is to take an active part in the discussion of the academic community in this country on the development strategy of ET, choice of priorities for cyclically rebuilding economy, in competitive environments. The review paper was initiated by the Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications of Polish Academy of Sciences and was published in Polish as introductory chapter of a dedicated expertise, printed in a book format. This version makes the included opinions available for a wider community.

Electronics is under development in this country in an organized and institutional way since the beginning of 30-ties of the previous century. It grew up from electrical engineering of weak currents and its first name used popularly was communications. It was time when television was born and the radio was maturing. Electronics is a branch of research and technology which deals with generation and processing of electrical and electromagnetic signals. A subject of telecommunications is signal transmission for a distance. Electronics and telecommunications (ET) includes or is combined with other branches like: microelectronics, radioelectronics, optoelectronics, photonics, acoustoelectronics, magnetronics, bioelectronics, energoelectronics, material engineering, semiconductor physics, automation and robotics, mechatronics and microsystems, informatics, teleinformatics, software engineering and other. Devices and functional systems of ET such as computers, data warehouses, cell phones, TV sets, Internet, GPS are build of electronic components and circuits. ET is a branch which belongs to hi-tech area, where the products gather a large load of knowledge of value overcoming frequently the price of work and material. ET has recently turned to an active participant of the processes of generation, storing, processing, transportation, distribution and usage of knowledge in the society. ET started to create artificial intelligence, co-creates intellectual property, searches for knowledge in big data sets, aids medicine, extends virtual/augmented reality, builds Internet of persons and things, strengthens security, protects natural environment, facilitates our life, aids our decisions, activates individuals, equalizes chances, provides convenient personal communications and access to data, starts building a penetrating ubiquitous infrastructure, ceases to be only a branch of technology, grows into the social space, touches culture, sociology, psychology and art. Such an important role of ET is combined with the existence in the society of an adequate infrastructure which recreates the full development cycle of high technology embracing: people, institutions, finances and logistics, in this also science, higher education, education, continuous training, dissemination and outreach, professional social environment, legal basis, political support and lobbying, innovation structures, applications, industry and economy. The digest of chosen development tendencies in ET was made here from the academic perspective, in a wider scale and on this background the national one, trying to situate this branch in the society, determine its changing role to build a new technical infrastructure of a society based on knowledge, a role of builder of many practical gadgets facilitating life, a role of a big future integrator of today's single bricks into certain more useful unity. This digest does not have a character of a systematic analysis of ET. It is a kind of an arbitrary utterance of the authors inside their field of competence. The aim of this paper is to take an active part in the discussion of the academic community in this country on the development strategy of ET, choice of priorities for cyclically rebuilding economy, in competitive environments. The review paper was initiated by the Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications of Polish Academy of Sciences and was published in Polish as introductory chapter of a dedicated expertise, printed in a book format. This version makes the included opinions available for a wider community.

Electronics is under development in this country in an organized and institutional way since the beginning of 30-ties of the previous century. It grew up from electrical engineering of weak currents and its first name used popularly was communications. It was time when television was born and the radio was maturing. Electronics is a branch of research and technology which deals with generation and processing of electrical and electromagnetic signals. A subject of telecommunications is signal transmission for a distance. Electronics and telecommunications (ET) includes or is combined with other branches like: microelectronics, radioelectronics, optoelectronics, photonics, acoustoelectronics, magnetronics, bioelectronics, energoelectronics, material engineering, semiconductor physics, automation and robotics, mechatronics and microsystems, informatics, teleinformatics, software engineering and other. Devices and functional systems of ET such as computers, data warehouses, cell phones, TV sets, Internet, GPS are build of electronic components and circuits. ET is a branch which belongs to hi-tech area, where the products gather a large load of knowledge of value overcoming frequently the price of work and material. ET has recently turned to an active participant of the processes of generation, storing, processing, transportation, distribution and usage of knowledge in the society. ET started to create artificial intelligence, co-creates intellectual property, searches for knowledge in big data sets, aids medicine, extends virtual/augmented reality, builds Internet of persons and things, strengthens security, protects natural environment, facilitates our life, aids our decisions, activates individuals, equalizes chances, provides convenient personal communications and access to data, starts building a penetrating ubiquitous infrastructure, ceases to be only a branch of technology, grows into the social space, touches culture, sociology, psychology and art. Such an important role of ET is combined with the existence in the society of an adequate infrastructure which recreates the full development cycle of high technology embracing: people, institutions, finances and logistics, in this also science, higher education, education, continuous training, dissemination and outreach, professional social environment, legal basis, political support and lobbying, innovation structures, applications, industry and economy. The digest of chosen development tendencies in ET was made here from the academic perspective, in a wider scale and on this background the national one, trying to situate this branch in the society, determine its changing role to build a new technical infrastructure of a society based on knowledge, a role of builder of many practical gadgets facilitating life, a role of a big future integrator of today's single bricks into certain more useful unity. This digest does not have a character of a systematic analysis of ET. It is a kind of an arbitrary utterance of the authors inside their field of competence. The aim of this paper is to take an active part in the discussion of the academic community in this country on the development strategy of ET, choice of priorities for cyclically rebuilding economy, in competitive environments. The review paper was initiated by the Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications of Polish Academy of Sciences and was published in Polish as introductory chapter of a dedicated expertise, printed in a book format. This version makes the included opinions available for a wider community.

The paper presents chosen development threads of laser technology and associated branches of optoelectronics in this country. An occasion to summarize the work and show their current status is 50 years anniversary of construction of the first laser. The first laser in Poland was launched successfully in 1969, nearly simultaneously at WAT and PW. Domestic achievements in this area are summarized every three years by a Symposium on Laser Technology held traditionally in Swinoujscie. The work carried on in this country concern technology of laser materials, construction of new lasers and associated equipment as well as laser applications. Many technical teams participate in laser oriented European structural and framework projects.

Optical fiber technology is an important branch of science and technology, but also economy. Together with related disciplines it creates wider areas like optoelectronics and photonics. Optical fiber technology is developed in this country rather dynamically, proportionally to the available funds designed locally for research and applications. Recently this development was enhanced with considerable funds from European Operational Funds Innovative Economy POIG and Human Capital POKL. The paper summarizes the development of optical fiber technology in Poland from academic perspective during the period of last 2-3 years. The digest is very probably not full. An emphasis is put on development of optical fiber manufacturing methods. This development was illustrated by a few examples of optical fiber applications.

Accelerators are basic tools of the experimental physics of elementary particles, nuclear physics, light sources of the fourth generation. They are also used in myriad other applications in research, industry and medicine. For example, there are intensely developed transmutation techniques for nuclear waste from nuclear power and atomic industries. The European Union invests in the development of accelerator infrastructures inside the framework programs to build the European Research Area. The aim is to build new accelerator research infrastructures, develop the existing ones, and generally make the infrastructures more available to competent users. The paper summarizes the first year of activities of the EU FP7 Project Capacities EuCARD -European Coordination of Accelerator R&D. EuCARD is a common venture of 37 European Accelerator Laboratories, Institutes, Universities and Industrial Partners involved in accelerator sciences and technologies. The project, initiated by ESGARD, is an Integrating Activity co-funded by the European Commission under Framework Program 7 - Capacities for a duration of four years, starting April 1st, 2009. Several teams from this country participate actively in this project. The contribution from Polish research teams concerns: photonic and electronic measurement - control systems, RF-gun co-design, thin-film superconducting technology, superconducting transport infrastructures, photon and particle beam measurements and control.

The participation in BRITE Consortium gives Poland the possibility to launch into space the first Polish scientific satellite. This paper presents the Polish technical contribution to the BRITE Program to be realized in two institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center and Space Research Center.. BRITE Constellation, short for "BRIght Target Explorer Constellation," is a group of up to six nano-satellites whose purpose is to photometrically measure low-level oscillations and temperature variations in the sky's 286 stars brighter than visual magnitude 3.5, with unprecedented precision and time sampling not achievable through terrestrial-based methods. The three-axis pointing performance (1 arc minute rms stability) of each BRITE satellite is a significant advancement over anything that has ever flown before on a nano-satellite and is an important factor that enables the high precision photometry mission. The paper summarizes the technical details of the BRITE satellite based on Generic Nanosatellite Bus from SFL/UTIAS. The first Polish satellite, BRITE -PL 1, will be a modified version of the original SFL design. The second Polish satellite, BRITE-PL 2, will include the significant changes to be implemented by SRC PAS.

The objective of this paper is to present a work concerning a digital control loop system for satellite medium power DC-DC converters that is done in Space Research Centre. The whole control process of a described power converter bases on a high speed digital signal processing. The paper presents a development of a FPGA digital controller for voltage mode stabilization that was implemented using VHDL. The described controllers are a classical digital PID controller and a bang-bang controller. The used converter for testing is a simple model of 5-20 W, 200 kHz buck power converter. A high resolution digital PWM approach is presented. Additionally a simple and effective solution of filtering of an analog-to-digital converter output is presented.

In recent years it easy to spot and increasing need of high-quality Earth imaging in airborne and space applications. This is due fact that government and local authorities urge for up to date topological data for administrative purposes. On the other hand, interest in environmental sciences, push for ecological approach, efficient agriculture and forests management are also heavily supported by Earth images in various resolutions and spectral ranges. "SPEKTROP DPU: Opto-electronic platform for fast multi-spectral imaging" paper describes architectural datails of data processing unit, part of universal and modular platform that provides high quality imaging functionality in aerospace applications.

After brief introduction to the Pi of the Sky project standard photometry method used in the data reduction will be described. After data quality cuts uncertainty of the single measurement is of the order of 0.018-0.024 magnitudo for stars 7-10^m. With new calibration algorithm taking into account the spectral type of reference stars stability of the photometry algorithm can be significantly improved. Preliminary results from the BGInd variable are presented showing than uncertainty of the order of 0.013 can be obtained.

We presented preliminary results for our catalogue of the variable stars from the 2006-2007 "Pi of the Sky" data. Our catalogue contains more than 1 000 variable stars of different type. The most numerous group in our catalogue are eclipsing variables (515) whereas pulsating variables are less numerous (292). Significant group consists stars classified simply as "variable" (180). For these stars we can not be able to determine more detailed type of the variability. Our classification was based on the shape of the light curve, as in the GCVS catalogue. However, some stars from the GCVS catalogue were classified differently in our catalogue.

One of the goals of "Pi of the Sky" project is to observe and analyze variable stars. In the second edition of variable stars we have identified over 70 Cepheids, which we classified further analysis. We identified type of pulsation of these stars using "Pi of the Sky" data collected since 2006. This paper describes analysis of Cepheids based on Fourier decomposition, which is powerful method for classification purposes.

We present a method of determination of space debris detection possibility by the "Pi of the Sky" telescopes, based on observations made during normal service. Main feature of objects orbiting Earth is its movement on celestial sphere, comparing to the stars. This movement diminishes measured brightnesses of these objects, and in consequence influences possibilities of satellite detection. The altitude of orbit decreases, the satellite should be brighter, but at the same time possibility of detection diminishes because of higher angular velocity in the sky. As preliminary results we show an estimations of both of these effects.

In this paper we present our recent works on design and development of a compact erbium doped fiber laser with fiber loop reflector dedicated to application in student's laboratory. The scope covers the detailed analysis of spectroscopic properties of erbium doped glass samples, theoretical modeling of fundamental lasing properties, design and preparation of laser components and, finally, preparation and characterization of developed fiber laser setup.

The paper presents an application of an optical parametric generator (OPG) for cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) technique to nitric oxide (NO) detection. The principle of this method is based on an injection of a radiation beam into an optical cavity at a very small angle. The radiation is multiple reflected inside the resonator equipped with spherical and high reflectance mirrors. After each reflection a part of the radiation leaves the optical cavity due to residual transmission of mirrors. In the case of NO detection the laser emitting at around 5.26 μm was applied. During investigation of CEAS system with OPG, two-lenses collimator was required to improve OPG beam divergence. The Ge and ZnSe lenses were used. Thanks to this decrease of about three times in beam diameter was achieved (at the distance of 1 m from source). It make it possible to measure output signal from the CEAS optical cavity.

Numerical implementation of Mueller-Stokes matrix calculus for polychromatic light is used to analyze and plainly illustrate polarization properties of multi-section linearly birefringent systems illuminated by the light of any spectrum profile. Numerical investigations are preceded by a detailed review of known concepts for modeling the depolarization phenomenon in anisotropic media. The numerical study examines efficiency of the Lyot depolarizer system undergoing variations from the optimal configuration. In addition, the power spectrum density profile and intrinsic polarization state of light passing through the system are considered as interesting degrees of freedom. The comparative analysis makes use of the degree of polarization and the depolarization index diagrams.

In this paper a quantum description of degree of polarization (DOP) is presented. The analysis includes differences between quantum and quasi-classic description of photons and what they are in comparison with coherent states of electric field. In the end a possible interpretation for single-photon experiments is given to allow DOP calculation for photons.

In the article the spectroscopic properties of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped antimony-phosphate glasses were investigated. The absorption and luminescence spectra were measured and the emission cross-section of Er³⁺ ions for ⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition was calculated based on McCumber theory. The resonant energy transfer (ET) between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ was obtained under pumping at 976 nm and 940 nm wavelength. In result of dopants optimization the highest efficiency of energy transfer in fabricated glasses was obtained for molar composition 1%Y₂O₃ : 0.5%Er₂O₃. The influence of wavelength excitation on value of intensity ratios I_1536nm/I_976nm for antimonyphosphate glasses was determined.

In the paper the phase - locking of 7 - core optical fibre doped with Yb³⁺ ions is presented. The influence of material and optical fibers geometrical parameters on the shape of the pattern in the Fraunhofer diffraction region has been analyzed. The analysis of coupling coefficient between cores which influences on the phase - locking and in the consequence on the far - field pattern of the fibre laser based on the analyzed multicore optical fibre was performed. As a result of the conducted analysis a double-clad optical fiber with 7 - cores doped with ytterbium has been designed and fabricated. Luminescence spectra and far - field pattern of the manufactured fibre was measured.

Thorium spectrum was registered as the atomic standard spectrum using PGS-2 instrument for the grating 1300 lines/mm. This grating gives quite another spectrum image than standard grating with 651 lines/mm and an execution of the atlas of Th spectrum is very important. Range of the registered spectrum is situated at 4000-3000 Å region.

We propose diffraction method of measuring Poisson's ratio for the fibers (filaments). To achieve this end we use the Abbe's comparator. The diffraction pattern are used for real-time monitoring the filament diameters and their extension due to stretch.

In this paper we investigate options for monolithically integrated multiwavelength transmitters in indium phosphidebased materials. In particular, we focus on transmitters that use arrayed waveguide gratings as wavelength selective elements. The multiwavelength lasers that simultaneously emit on different wavelength channels are crucial in Fiber-tothe- Home systems because they increase the bandwidth and the transmission capacity of such optical networks.

Epilepsy is a common nervous system disease often related to consciousness disturbances and muscular spasm which affects about 1% of the human population. Despite major technological advances done in medicine in the last years there was no sufficient progress towards overcoming it. Application of advanced statistical methods and computer image analysis offers the hope for accurate detection and later removal of an epileptiform focuses which are the cause of some types of epilepsy. The aim of this work was to create a computer system that would help to find and diagnose disorders of blood circulation in the brain This may be helpful for the diagnosis of the epileptic seizures onset in the brain.

The primary objective of this article is to find a new, more effective method of diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Having created the database on this disease we wanted to find the most suitable classification models. We used the algorithms with their implementations stored in R environment. Having carried out the investigations we have reached results interesting for clinical practice.

The paper describes an innovative approach of tensor calculations using parallel programming architecture. General use of a Graphic Processor Unit (GPU) in complicated and time-consuming operations on a large volume of data represented by tensor algebra is considered. Experimental verifications show practical utility of this approach. As a result, significant increase in speed of calculations compared with the classic sequential method have been demonstrated.

In this paper, we investigate possibilities of automatic measurement of carotid IMT in children. According to calculation, the method will be useful for medical research. And compared to traditional method is better for use in hospital environment.

Expert Systems are found to be very promising as an important advisory tool. They can be useful in different situations where human expert is not available and decision should be undertaken quickly. Expert systems can also be useful in medicine to help doctors or even non-trained personnel (when the doctor is not available). These systems are important in clinical practice and could help in rapid finding of etiology and treatment. To fulfill such requirement in this contribution, we discuss an implementation of expert system, which is written in Prolog language. Since this language has its syntactical limitations, we have developed a general architecture of a shell type, to overcome these difficulties. Next, we have demonstrated its practical utility, by applying the knowledge taken from medical practice.

Hormone parameters were determined in the serum of young addicted men in order to compare them with those obtained from the group of healthy subjects. Three groups were investigated which were named opiates, mixed and control group. Statistical and data mining methods were applied to obtain significant differences. R package was used for all computation. The determination of hormones parameters provide important information relative to impact of addiction.

In this paper we explore the problem of communication and coordination in a team of intelligent game bots (aka embodied agents). It presents a tactical decision making system controlling the behavior of an autonomous bot followed by the concept of a team tactical decision making system controlling the team of intelligent bots. The algorithms to be introduced have been implemented in the Java language by means of Pogamut 2 framework, interfacing the bot logic with Unreal Tournament 2004 virtual environment.

Nowadays computers analyze medical data almost in every diagnosis and treatment steps. We develop new technology which gives us better and more precise diagnosis. We chose esophageal high resolution manometry with impedance (HRMI) which has been considered as a "gold standard" test for esophageal motility. HRMI is the next generation of manometry explanation which is more sensitive and accurate to EFT. Examination allows physicians to ger information about esophageal peristalsis, amplitude and duration of the esophageal contraction and liquid/viscous bolus transit time from mouth through stomach. In 2008 we examined 80 patients using "old" EFT manometry and 80 patients in 2009 using high resolution manometry (HRMI). Everybody got manometry, endoscopy and x-ray examination. We asked about symptoms which we correlate and connect with data from EFT and HRMI. We tried to find a good algorithm for this purpose in order to do a simple and helpful tool for physician to make righta diagnosis and treatment decision. Connection between data and symptoms seems to be right and clear, but finding a good algorithm for given data is the main problem.

In this paper data mining methods were applied to investigate features determining high quality pork meat. The aim of the study was analysis of conditionality of the pork meat quality defined in coherence with HDL and LDL cholesterol concentration, plasma leptin, triglycerides, plasma glucose and serum. The research was carried out on 54 pigs. originated from crossbreeding of Naima sows with P76-PenArLan boars hybrids line. Meat quality parameters were evaluated in samples derived from the Longissimus (LD) muscle taken behind the last rib on the basis: the pH value, meat colour, drip loss, the RTN, intramuscular fat and glycolytic potential. The results of this study were elaborated by using R environment and show that cluster and regression analysis can be a useful tool for in-depth analysis of the determinants of the quality of pig meat in homogeneous populations of pigs. However, the question of determinants of the level of glycogen and fat in meat requires further research.

In this work we present string kernels as a method of representing biological data. These data are sequences of symbols which represent amino acids encoding proteins. This paper presents the results of the tests done on the data obtained from the Centre of Oncology in Warsaw. These data incoroporate amino acids sequences to which specified enzymes (protein kinases) were assigned. The enzymes catalyze reaction of phosphorylation for these sequences. The results of the tests were compared with those obtained during previous investigations made at the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology.

We present the improved k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier and its application for biomedical data. Our method limits the number of considered neighbors from the training set by selecting only those samples that are neighbors in the computed Voronoi diagram of the training set plus classified sample. The method is based on convex hull calculation of inversed set of points. A very important feature of presented method is the stability of results (in terms of recall and precision values) in broad range of the neighborhood size as opposed to the regular kNN classifier. The classification performance was confirmed on three biomedical benchmark data sets.

The paper describes a field programmable gate array implementation of the main part of speech recognition system - feature extraction. In order to accelerate recognition the whole cepstral analysis scheme is implemented in hardware by the use of intellectual property cores. Two field programmable gate array devices are used for evaluation. Comparative experimental results of four different implementations are presented. They grounds achieved 29 times faster speech analysis in comparison with software based analysis subsystem.

The paper presents a prototype of the speaker-independent Lithuanian isolated word recognition system. The system is based on the hidden Markov models, a powerful statistical method for modeling speech signals. The prototype system can be used for Lithuanian words recognition investigations and is a good starting point for the development of a more sophisticated recognition system. The system graphical user interface is easy to control. Visualization of the entire recognition process is useful for analyzing of the recognition results. Based on this recognizer, a system for Web browser control by voice was developed. The program, which implements control by voice commands, was integrated in the speech recognition system. The system performance was evaluated by using different sets of acoustic models and vocabularies.

An automatic time-aligned phone transcription toolbox of English speech corpora has been developed. Especially the toolbox would be very useful to generate robust automatic transcription and able to produce phone level transcription using speaker independent models as well as speaker dependent models without manual intervention. The system is based on standard Hidden Markov Models (HMM) approach and it was successfully experimented over a large audiovisual speech corpus namely GRID corpus. One of the most powerful features of the toolbox is the increased flexibility in speech processing where the speech community would be able to import the automatic transcription generated by HMM Toolkit (HTK) into a popular transcription software, PRAAT, and vice-versa. The toolbox has been evaluated through statistical analysis on GRID data which shows that automatic transcription deviates by an average of 20 ms with respect to manual transcription.

This paper is devoted to the filtration of acoustic signals on the background of acoustic noise. Signal filtering is done with the help of a nonlinear analogue of a correlation function - a copula. The copula is estimated with the help of kernel estimates of the cumulative distribution function. At the second stage we suggest a new procedure of adaptive filtering. The silence and sound intervals are detected before the filtration with the help of nonparametric algorithm. The results are confirmed by experimental processing of spoken language signals.

The aim of this paper was to perform acoustic analysis of normal speech signal in order to evaluate voice quality of normal speech. Acoustic analysis included measures of parameters such as mean fundamental frequency, Jitter local and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR). The parameters were extracted from speech samples representing chosen short (non-sustained) vowels: /a/ /e/ /i/. The obtained values of parameters were compared with defined standards of threshold pathology. Results showed that obtained values of parameters can be used to further investigation of normal speech.

This paper presents a comparative investigation of distance measures that may be used in image registration algorithms specialized for two-dimensional electrophoresis gel images. Standard image registration techniques employ correlationbased similarity measures but they are not robust against geometric and large intensity distortions. Exploitation of specific electrophoresis gel image patterns allows achieving better registration performance. In order to make comparison of distance measures synthetic electrophoresis images were generated. Synthetic data gave ability to control variation of amount of image dissimilarity specific to 2D electrophoresis images. Relation of distance measure response to variation of image dissimilarity was analyzed using self-organizing feature maps. Measures that gave desired responses of self-organizing feature maps were determined. These results were consistent with matching performance of real gel image regions. Computational needs of measures were tested additionally.

In this paper we present IC layer image segmentation techniques which are specifically created for precise metal layer feature extraction. During our research we used many samples of real-life de-processed IC metal layer images which were obtained using optical light microscope. We have created sequence of various image processing filters which provides segmentation results of good enough precision for our application. Filter sequences were fine tuned to provide best possible results depending on properties of IC manufacturing process and imaging technology. Proposed IC image segmentation filter sequences were experimentally tested and compared with conventional direct segmentation algorithms.

Ni-C nanostructures are the interesting object of study due to their potential use in field-effect electron emitters. Investigations of the structures are typically carried out using experimental methods as molecular spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman). The aim of these investigations is study the influence of metal atoms on formation of carbon structure. These studies may be expanded through the using of quantum mechanics calculation software. Some aspects of using a Hyperchem software in study of Ni-C structures will be presented. The simulations were made for typical structures of carbon (C60 fulleren and graphene) surrounded by metal atoms. The usefulness of the software in the quantum-mechanics calculations is analysed.

In recent years we observe the rapid growth of nanotechnology, including materials, technologies and devices development. Going from micro- to nanoscale can result in new, specific physicochemical, mechanical, optical, electrical, magnetic or catalytical properties. It all emerges from quantum effects and high contribution of surface atoms causing high reactivity. Among others it can cause a reduction of the melting-temperature. The goal of our work was to obtain a silver nanopowder from a thermal decomposition of silver salts of fatty acids.

Organic electronics is a platform technology that enables multiple applications based on organic electronics but varied in specifications. Organic electronics is based on the combination of new materials and cost-effective, large area production processes that provide new fields of application. Organic electronic by its size, weight, flexibility and environmental friendliness electronics enables low cost production of numerous electrical components and provides for such promising fields of application as: intelligent packaging, low cost RFID, flexible solar cells, disposable diagnostic devices or games, and printed batteries [1]. The paper presents results of inkjetted electronics elements on flexible and glass substrates. The investigations was target on characterizing shape, surface and geometry of printed structures. Variety of substrates were investigated, within some, low cost, non specialized substrate, design for other purposes than organic electronic.

Printed electronics belongs to the most important developing electronics technologies. It provides new possibilities to produce low cost and large area devices. In its range several applications can be distinguished like printed batteries, OLED, biosensors, photovoltaic cells or RFID tags. In the presented investigation, antennas working in UHF frequency range were elaborated. It can be applied in the future for flexible RFID tags. To produce these antennas polymer paste with silver flakes was used. It was deposited on two flexible substrates (foil and photo paper) with screen printing techniques. After printing process surface profile, electrical and microwave parameters of performed antennas were measured using digital multimeter and network analyzer, relatively. Furthermore, a thickness of printed layers was measured.

The TOTEM experiment at the LHC at CERN will measure the total proton-proton cross section with precision of 1 %, elastic proton scattering and diffractive dissociation at the center of the mass energy of 14 TeV. This article is brief report on the TOTFed motherboard, which is the main part of the on-line Data Acquisition of the TOTEM. The designed firmware is supposed to collect data from the particle detectors, build a consistent event frame and send it to the counting room. The data processing is divided between 7 FPGAs. To accomplish the objective, specialized interfaces such as VME64x, S-Link 64, Gigabit Optical Link (GOL) are used. Since a significant part of the applied electronics is specific only for the LHC machine, the FPGA firmware implementation required a deep understanding of the Data Acquisition System and then intensive studies and debugging of the developed solutions.

The paper presents a FPGA based digital VOR/LOC signal generator. It provides the composite signal, which consists of the particular signals of several predefined navigation sources - VOR beacons. Design of the generator is implemented into the two different FPGA DSP platforms.

This document presents a proposal of a new architecture for implementation of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms in Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed approach uses the dual port memory for fast exchange of information between the processing units implemented in the FPGA. The special, parametrized scheme of interconnections between processing units has been also proposed, which allows to synthesize DSP system with customized number of processing units. The proposed interconnections scheme provides possibility to quickly transfer the data between processing units, at reasonable consumption of routing resources. The proposed architecture has been tested in simulations, and synthesized for real FPGA chips to verify its correctness.

The main goal of C to VHDL compiler project is to make FPGA platform more accessible for scientists and software developers. FPGA platform offers unique ability to configure the hardware to implement virtually any dedicated architecture, and modern devices provide sufficient number of hardware resources to implement parallel execution platforms with complex processing units. All this makes the FPGA platform very attractive for those looking for efficient heterogeneous, computing environment. Current industry standard in development of digital systems on FPGA platform is based on HDLs. Although very effective and expressive in hands of hardware development specialists, these languages require specific knowledge and experience, unreachable for most scientists and software programmers. C to VHDL compiler project attempts to remedy that by creating an application, that derives initial VHDL description of a digital system (for further compilation and synthesis), from purely algorithmic description in C programming language. This idea itself is not new, and the C to VHDL compiler combines the best approaches from existing solutions developed over many previous years, with the introduction of some new unique improvements.

The paper introduces novel model for design, visualization and management of complex, highly adaptive hardware systems. The model settles component oriented environment for both hardware modules and software application. It is developed on parameterized hardware description research. Establishment of stable link between hardware and software, as a purpose of designed and realized work, is presented. Novel programming framework model for the environment, named Graphic-Functional-Components is presented. The purpose of the paper is to present object oriented hardware modeling with mentioned features. Possible model implementation in FPGA chips and its management by object oriented software in Java is described.

The article discusses the integration of different types of interfaces with FPGA circuits using a reconfigurable communication platform. The solution has been implemented in practice in a single node of a distributed measurement system. Construction of communication platform has been presented with its selected hardware modules, described in VHDL and implemented in FPGA circuits. The graphical user interface (GUI) has been described that allows a user to control the operation of the system. In the final part of the article selected practical solutions have been introduced. The whole measurement system resides on multi-gigabit optical network. The optical network construction is highly modular, reconfigurable and scalable.

In the contemporary electronic systems there is a possibility of creating a large number of modules implemented in the PLD structures. There is a requirement to use diagnostic methods in these blocks. Some of the methods are insufficient in some, more complex cases. This paper contains specification of the universal diagnostic module dedicated to supervise and diagnose the complex functional blocks implemented in FPGA structures. This diagnostic module can be extended and adjusted to the needs of many more complex projects. Its size and parameters depend on the designer's need. The module can possess independent structure or it can share some resources with the analyzed project. The designer can use already prepared blocks, expand them or create his own functional blocks. The specified tool gives the opportunity to design more effectively and independently more complex structures from a selected FPGA family.

In this paper, the Space-Time Array Processing (STAP) approach is applied to sound source localization using adaptive microphone arrays. Two beamforming methods, conventional and MVDR are used for estimating the direction-of arrival (DOA) of sound signals arrived at the microphone array from different sensors in the observation area. The simulation scenario describes a situation where three sensors generating three different sound signals (warning, alarm and emergency) and one source of natural noise (car) are located at various points in the observation area. The results obtained demonstrate that in contrast to the conventional method of beamforming the MVDR gives accurate estimates of The DOA of all sound signals generated by sensors in the observation area.

In this paper is researched the effectiveness of Hough detector with different types of Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processors working in the presence of randomly arriving impulse interference. We have studied the detection probability and the average decision threshold of a Hough detector with these types of CFAR processors. The experimental results are obtained by numerical analysis. They reveal that the use of Hough detector allows reducing drastically detectability losses in comparison to the conventional CFAR detectors and that it is effective for small signalto- noise ratios. The research work is performed in MATLAB computational environment. The obtained analytical results for Hough detector can be used in both, radar and communication receiver networks.

Conventional discrete convolution is defined as sum of product of two components, where one is shifted in time. In the paper the product is replaced by other operations called triangular norms. The algebraic product is a member of this family of operations. Therefore, such convolution is generalization of conventional convolution. This approach leads to nonlinear operations. Thus, such idea represents a concept of nonlinear filtering. It was shown that such filters has identical impulse, step, and frequency responses as conventional one. However, they are nonlinear filters and of course responses to an input signal can be different for conventional and such filters. Some other properties of these filters are investigated and compared.

This paper studies the influence of non-uniform sampling on the power line flicker estimation. A digital non-uniform sampling MATLAB flickermeter model is considered. The model is fully compliant with the CEI/IEC 61000-4-15 standard and is tested within mains frequency variations 50Hz +/- 2.5Hz. The normalized flickermeter response and the flickermeter classifier are tested according to the IEC standard recommendations. The results indicate that the most sensitive point 8.8Hz is influenced within the standard error +/- 0.05 and only the last testing point exceeds the prescribed standard error.

Image processing for the comparison and matching of two images is usually based on classical cross-correlation technique. However matching of 2DE gel images requires more sophisticated approach. In this paper the preprocessing of 2DE gel images by self-organising map is proposed in order to improve results of image matching. Proposed technique divides 2DE gel image into regular image segments and extracts a set of segments, suitable for matching of two 2DE gels. The selection of image segments is made by classification accordingly to the statistical features of the image segments taken as the inputs of the self-organising map. Such preprocessing of 2DE gel image reduces number of segments for matching and selects a set of segments with smaller deviation of matching points for jointly used different distance metrics.

In this work we compare an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) single user through multi carrier system with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS- SS) in the presence of multipath fading and AWGN. A closed-form of mathematical expressions for both receivers is derived to calculate the symbol error probability. The OFDM system simulator is an IEEE 802.15.3a proposal, dated 15 September 2003 (Doc: IEEE P802.15-03/268r1). Conventional matched filter (MF) is proposed in DS-SS system. UWB - Multiband OFDM has an acceptable BER performance, but in a multipath noisy channel the bit error rate is very high. This Paper presents the Barker code as a coding technique to increase the BER performance depending on the auto and cross correlation detections.

A new theory for a new class of fully active reconfigurable filters is introduced. These allow a wide tuning range for the center frequency by only modifying the gain of the feedback amplifier. Some simulation and measured results for a filter in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology that are given entirely confirm the validity of our new approach.

In this paper developed method for multilateration system arrangement is described. This method is bases on the optimization procedure of the placement of system receivers on the basis of Genetic algorithm. Objective function represents the expression for error ellipsoid volume, derived from Cramer-Rao Lower Bound matrix. Proposed method allows to find location of multilateration system components within the bounded surveillance area with specified Dilution of Precision value.

In this paper, starting from the GOFR algorithm, a new Forward Regression algorithm for landmine detection and localization using thermal methods is presented. The efficiency of such algorithm is described by showing a valid representation of the typical temperature waveforms taken after heating the ground surface, and detection of temperature anomalies due to the presence of hidden objects. Optimizations to the algorithm are then showed, with the aim of a significant sampling density reduction in space and time.

Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) is a continuous-phase frequency-shift keying modulation scheme. It is similar to standard minimum-shift keying (MSK); however the digital data stream is first shaped with a Gaussian filter before being applied to a frequency modulator. This has the advantage of reducing sideband power, which in turn reduces out-of- band interference between signal carriers in adjacent frequency channels. In this paper a new method of premodulation filtered MSK called Laplacian minimum shift keying (LMSK) is proposed. LMSK is proposed as a method for achieving good spectral efficiency over regular MSK, and it turns out to achieve improvement in error rate performance over the known GMSK. To compare the behavior of the system under the proposed method, bandwidth efficiency (i.e., bps/Hz), fractional out-of-band power and error rate performance in such systems are used. Results show that the proposed LMSK attains good improvement in spectral efficiency over MSK; and in using LMSK we have also good improvement in power efficiency over GMSK.

The article describes a firmware interface consisting of FPGA chip and cluster of floating-point digital signal processors. This cluster communicate with PC computer with Linux operating system¹ via PCI interface. The aim of this study was to create firmware and software to perform DSP algorithms on a universal DSP cluster module.

Chaos was observed in a specific kind of switched stabilized power supply. It emerged from pulse iteration circuit. In the paper conditions for emerging of chaos are presented and bifurcation curves are shown. Pulse stabilized power supplies have been the frequently used kinds of power supplies for many years. Many kinds of curves are used. The specific curve of pulse power supply was worked out by HP in the 1970s. In the mentioned power supply, constant processing frequency is used. This kind of switched stabilized power supply sometimes is called 'synchronized' stabilizer.

The remote sensing technology has many practical applications in different fields of science and industry. There is also a need to examine its usefulness for the purpose of land border surveillance. This research started with analysis of potential direct use of Earth Observation technology for monitoring migrations of people and preventing smuggling. The research, however, proved that there are still many fields within which the EO technology needs to be improved. From that point the analysis focused on improving Border Permeability Index which utilizes EO techniques as a source of information. The result of BPI analysis with use of high resolution data provides new kind of information which can support and make more effective work of authorities from security domain.

In this paper we discuss the application of the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) as a multichannel receiver and DSP platform for an experimental multistatic passive radar. We present different approaches to achieve one goal: constructing the multichannel receiver and signal processing platform utilizing USRP devices and software defined radio (GNU Radio) techniques.

In the paper we analyze the influence of RF channels mismatch and mutual coupling effect on the performance of the multistatic passive radar with Uniform Circular Array (UCA) configuration. The problem was tested intensively in numerous different scenarios with a reference virtual multistatic passive radar. Finally, exemplary results of the computer software simulations are provided and discussed.

The paper describes the some results of experimental investigations of Electromagnetic Pulses (EMP) generated during the explosion of hexogen charges in tunnels. The shape and duration of the signals in the range of the several milliseconds were studied. The results obtained after experimental investigations can be used for establishing the criteria for identification of explosions. Experiments have conducted in the underground test opening of G. Tsulukidze Mining Institute. During experiments, electromagnetic pulses (EMP) and optical signals, generated under explosion of condensed charges of explosives in tunnels, were recorded simultaneously.

As Air Traffic Control Systems move from a voice only environment to one in which clearances are issued via data link, there is a risk that an unauthorized entity may attempt to masquerade as either the pilot or controller. In order to protect against this and related attacks, air-ground communications must be secured. The challenge is to add security in an environment in which bandwidth is limited. The Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) is an enabling digital network communications technology that addresses capacity and efficiency issues associated with current aeronautical voice communication systems. Equally important, the ATN facilitates migration to free flight, where direct computer-to-computer communication will automate air traffic management, minimize controller and pilot workload, and improve overall aircraft routing efficiency. Protecting ATN communications is critical since safety-of-flight is seriously affected if an unauthorized entity, a hacker for example, is able to penetrate an otherwise reliable communications system and accidentally or maliciously introduce erroneous information that jeopardizes the overall safety and integrity of a given airspace. However, an ATN security implementation must address the challenges associated with aircraft mobility, limited bandwidth communication channels, and uninterrupted operation across organizational and geopolitical boundaries. This paper provides a brief overview of the ATN, the ATN security concept, and begins a basic introduction to the relevant security concepts of security threats, security services and security mechanisms. Security mechanisms are further examined by presenting the fundamental building blocks of symmetric encipherment, asymmetric encipherment, and hash functions. The second part of this paper presents the project of cryptographiclly secure wireless communication between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and the ground station in the ATM system, based on the ARM9 processor development kid and Embedded Linux operation system.

This paper presents design and practical implementation of the method for cross-channel interference suppression in polarimetric LFM-CW radar with dual-orthogonal sounding signals. Simultaneously transmitted and received signals have limited orthogonality, what results in the interfering signals in the processing channels of the radar receiver. The suppression of the interfering signals is implemented in real time, characterized by simplicity and low increase of computational resources. The efficiency of the cross-channel interference suppression is demonstrated experimentally.

Seasonal & Annual Change Monitoring (SATChMo) is one of the Core Mapping Services within the geoland2 project. The project is co-founded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Program in the Space Activity area. It delivers VHR/HR products over permanent samples representative for all European environmental / ecological conditions for annual intervals with statistics of land cover & land cover change. SATChMo is aiming to cover 27 EU countries. This work is to describe and evaluate object-based and pixel-based methods prepared for classification of VHR multispectral images.

In this paper method of regeneration of the GSM signal was presented. Unlike other approaches based on suppression of echoes this one makes use of encoded digital data transmitted in the GSM interface. The signal is synthetically reconstructed from digital data stream by comparison to the original signal. In order to keep bit error rate low in the presence of inter-symbol interference the maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) is used.

In this article is presented the selection method of the single mode telecommunication fiber to the electromagnetic filed sensors which can measure the constant and alternating currents. This method allows the selection of the optical fiber to the sensor depending on the measured parameters.