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4 February 2013Printing artificial sweat using ink jet printers for the test set generation in forensics: an image quality assessment of the reproducibility of the printing results
In order to use scientific expert evidence in court hearings, several criteria must be met. In the US jurisdiction the
Daubert decision2 has defined several criteria that might be assessed if a testimony is challenged. In particular
the potential for testing or actual testing, as well as known or potential error rate are two very important
criteria. In order to be able to compare the results with each other, the reproducible creation of evaluation
samples is necessary. However, each latent fingerprint is unique due to external inuence factors such as sweat
composition or pressure during the application of a trace. Hence, Schwarz1 introduces a method to print latent
fingerprints using ink jet printers equipped with artificial sweat. In this paper we assess the image quality in
terms of reproducibility and clarity of the printed artificial sweat patterns. For that, we determine the intra class
variance from one printer on the same and on different substrates based on a subjective assessment, as well as
the inter class variance between different printers of the same model using pattern recognition techniques. Our
results indicate that the intra class variance is primarily inuenced by the drying behavior of the amino acid.
The inter class is surprisingly large between identical models of one printer. Our evaluation is performed using
100 samples on an overhead foil and 50 samples on a compact disk surface with 5 different patterns (two line
structures, a fingerprint image and two di_erent arrows with a larger area with amino acid) acquired with a
Keyence VK-X110 laser scanning confocal microscope.11 The results show a significant difference between the
two identical printers allowing for differentiating between them with an accuracy of up to 99%.
Mario Hildebrandt,Jennifer Sturm, andJana Dittmann
"Printing artificial sweat using ink jet printers for the test set generation in forensics: an image quality assessment of the reproducibility of the printing results", Proc. SPIE 8653, Image Quality and System Performance X, 86530O (4 February 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004526
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Mario Hildebrandt, Jennifer Sturm, Jana Dittmann, "Printing artificial sweat using ink jet printers for the test set generation in forensics: an image quality assessment of the reproducibility of the printing results," Proc. SPIE 8653, Image Quality and System Performance X, 86530O (4 February 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004526