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We have formulated a theory for investigating the conditions which are required to achieve entangled states
of electrons on graphene and three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs). We consider the quantum
entanglement of spins by calculating the exchange energy. A gap is opened up at the Fermi level between the
valence and conduction bands in the absence of doping when graphene as well as 3D TIs are irradiated with
circularly-polarized light. This energy band gap is dependent on the intensity and frequency of the applied
electromagnetic field. The electron-photon coupling also gives rise to a unique energy dispersion of the dressed
states which is different from either graphene or the conventional two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). In our
calculations, we obtained the dynamical polarization function for imaginary frequencies which is then employed to
determine the exchange energy. The polarization function is obtained with the use of both the energy eigenstates
and the overlap of pseudo-spin wave functions. We have concluded that while doping has a significant influence
on the exchange energy and consequently on the entanglement, the gap of the energy dispersions affects the
exchange slightly, which could be used as a good technique to tune and control entanglement for quantum
information purposes.
Andrii Iurov andGodfrey Gumbs
"Theory for entanglement of electrons dressed with circularly polarized light in graphene and three-dimensional topological insulators", Proc. SPIE 8749, Quantum Information and Computation XI, 874903 (28 May 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2015613
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Andrii Iurov, Godfrey Gumbs, "Theory for entanglement of electrons dressed with circularly polarized light in graphene and three-dimensional topological insulators," Proc. SPIE 8749, Quantum Information and Computation XI, 874903 (28 May 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2015613