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3 May 2013Hartmann wavefront measurements at FLASH
We report on online measurements of photon beam parameters during mirror alignment in the soft x-ray spectral region of FLASH, the free-electron laser in Hamburg. A compact Hartmann sensor operating in the wavelength range from 6 to 35nm was used to determine the wavefront quality of individual free-electron laser (FEL) pulses during the alignment procedure as well as aberrations. Beam characterization and alignment of beamline BL3 was performed with λ13.5𝑛𝑚/ 116 accuracy for wavefront rms (W𝑟𝑚𝑠). Second moment beam parameters are computed using a spherical reference wavefront generated by a 5μm pinhole. The Hartmann sensor was used for alignment of the ellipsoidal focusing mirror of beamline BL3, resulting in a reduction of (W𝑟𝑚𝑠) by 33%.
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Barbara Keitel, Bernhard Flöter, Svea Kreis, Marion Kuhlmann, Klaus Mann, Tobias Mey, Elke Plönjes, Bernd Schäfer, Kai Tiedtke, "Hartmann wavefront measurements at FLASH," Proc. SPIE 8778, Advances in X-ray Free-Electron Lasers II: Instrumentation, 877814 (3 May 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2020850