Investigation of dynamic morphological changes of cancer cells during photoimmuno therapy (PIT) by low-coherence
quantitative phase microscopy

Mikako Ogawa; Toyohiko Yamauchi; Hidenao Iwai; Yasuhiro Magata; Peter L. Choyke M.D.; Hisataka Kobayashi

doi:10.1117/12.2036944

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14 April 2014 Investigation of dynamic morphological changes of cancer cells during photoimmuno therapy (PIT) by low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy

Mikako Ogawa, Toyohiko Yamauchi, Hidenao Iwai, Yasuhiro Magata, Peter L. Choyke M.D., Hisataka Kobayashi

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Proceedings Volume 8931, Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXIII; 893113 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036944
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2014, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

We have reported a new molecular-targeted cancer phototherapy, photoimmunotherapy (PIT), which killed implanted tumors in mice without side-effects. To understand the mechanism of cell killing with PIT, three-dimentional dynamic low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (3D LC-QPM), a device developed by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, was used to detect morphologic changes in cancer cells during PIT. 3T3/HER2 cells were incubated with anti-HER2 trastuzumab-IR700 (10 μg/mL, 0.1 μM as IR700) for 24 hours, then, three-dimensionally imaged with the LC-QPM during the exposure of two different optically filtered lights for excitation of IR700 (500-780 nm) and imaging (780-950 nm). For comparison with traditional PDT, the same experiments were performed with Photofrin (10 and 1 μM). Serial changes in the cell membrane were readily visualized on 3D LC-QPM. 3T3/HER2 cells began to swell rapidly after exposure to 500-780 nm light excitation. The cell volume reached a maximum within 1 min after continuous exposure, and then the cells appeared to burst. This finding suggests that PIT damages the cell membrane by photo-reaction inducing an influx of water into the cell causing swelling and bursting of the cells. Interestingly, even after only 5 seconds of light exposure, the cells demonstrated swelling and bursting albeit more slowly, implying that sufficient cumulative damage occurs on the cell membrane to induce lethal damage to cells even at minimal light exposure. Similar but non-selective membrane damage was shown in PDT-treated cells Photofrin. Thus, PIT induces sufficient damage to the cell membrane within 5 seconds to induce rapid necrotic cell death which can be observed directly with 3D LC-QPM. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the biochemical mechanisms underlying PIT-induced cellular membrane damage.

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Mikako Ogawa, Toyohiko Yamauchi, Hidenao Iwai, Yasuhiro Magata, Peter L. Choyke M.D., and Hisataka Kobayashi "Investigation of dynamic morphological changes of cancer cells during photoimmuno therapy (PIT) by low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy", Proc. SPIE 8931, Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXIII, 893113 (14 April 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036944

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