Minimally invasive photopolymerization in intervertebral disc tissue cavities

Andreas M. Schmocker; Azadeh Khoushabi; Benjamin Gantenbein-Ritter; Samantha Chan; Harald Marcel Bonél; Pierre-Etienne Bourban; Jan Anders Månson; Constantin Schizas; Dominique Pioletti; Christophe Moser

doi:10.1117/12.2036360

4 March 2014 Minimally invasive photopolymerization in intervertebral disc tissue cavities

Andreas M. Schmocker, Azadeh Khoushabi, Benjamin Gantenbein-Ritter, Samantha Chan, Harald Marcel Bonél, Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Jan Anders Månson, Constantin Schizas, Dominique Pioletti, Christophe Moser

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8952, Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering VIII; 895206 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036360
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2014, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Photopolymerized hydrogels are commonly used for a broad range of biomedical applications. As long as the polymer volume is accessible, gels can easily be hardened using light illumination. However, in clinics, especially for minimally invasive surgery, it becomes highly challenging to control photopolymerization. The ratios between polymerizationvolume and radiating-surface-area are several orders of magnitude higher than for ex-vivo settings. Also tissue scattering occurs and influences the reaction. We developed a Monte Carlo model for photopolymerization, which takes into account the solid/liquid phase changes, moving solid/liquid-boundaries and refraction on these boundaries as well as tissue scattering in arbitrarily designable tissue cavities. The model provides a tool to tailor both the light probe and the scattering/absorption properties of the photopolymer for applications such as medical implants or tissue replacements. Based on the simulations, we have previously shown that by adding scattering additives to the liquid monomer, the photopolymerized volume was considerably increased. In this study, we have used bovine intervertebral disc cavities, as a model for spinal degeneration, to study photopolymerization in-vitro. The cavity is created by enzyme digestion. Using a custom designed probe, hydrogels were injected and photopolymerized. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and visual inspection tools were employed to investigate the successful photopolymerization outcomes. The results provide insights for the development of novel endoscopic light-scattering polymerization probes paving the way for a new generation of implantable hydrogels.

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Andreas M. Schmocker, Azadeh Khoushabi, Benjamin Gantenbein-Ritter, Samantha Chan, Harald Marcel Bonél, Pierre-Etienne Bourban, Jan Anders Månson, Constantin Schizas, Dominique Pioletti, and Christophe Moser "Minimally invasive photopolymerization in intervertebral disc tissue cavities", Proc. SPIE 8952, Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering VIII, 895206 (4 March 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036360

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