Strong ion migration in high refractive index contrast waveguides formed by femtosecond laser pulses in phosphate glass

J. Hoyo; Belen Sotillo; M. Hernandez; T. Toney Fernandez; Patricia Haro-González; D. Jaque; P. Fernandez; C. Domingo; J. Siegel; J. Solis

doi:10.1117/12.2052441

1 May 2014 Strong ion migration in high refractive index contrast waveguides formed by femtosecond laser pulses in phosphate glass

J. Hoyo, Belen Sotillo, M. Hernandez, T. Toney Fernandez, Patricia Haro-González, D. Jaque, P. Fernandez, C. Domingo, J. Siegel, J. Solis

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9135, Laser Sources and Applications II; 91351G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052441
Event: SPIE Photonics Europe, 2014, Brussels, Belgium

Abstract

Strong ion migration in shown to enable the production of high refractive index contrast waveguides by fs-laser writing in a commercial (Er,Yb)-doped phosphate based glass. Waveguide writing was performed using a high repetition rate fslaser fibre amplifier operated at 500 kHz and the slit shaping technique. Based on measurements of the NA of waveguides, the positive refractive index change (Δn) of the guiding region has been estimated to be ∼1-2 x10^-2. The compositional maps of the waveguides cross-sections performed by X-ray microanalysis evidenced a large increase of the La local concentration in the guiding region up to ~25% (relative to the non-irradiated material). This large enrichment in La was accompanied by the cross migration of K to a neighbouring low refractive index zone. The refractive index of the La-phosphate glass increases linearly with the La₂O₃ content (Δn per mole fraction increase of La₂O₃ ≈ 5x10^-3) mainly because of the relative mass of the La³⁺ ions. The density increase without substantial modification of the glass network was confirmed by space-resolved micro-Raman spectroscopy measurements showing minor variations in the (PO₂)_sym vibration Raman band. These results provide evidence for the feasibility of adapting the glass composition for enabling laser-writing of high refractive index contrast structures via spatially selective modification of the glass composition.

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J. Hoyo, Belen Sotillo, M. Hernandez, T. Toney Fernandez, Patricia Haro-González, D. Jaque, P. Fernandez, C. Domingo, J. Siegel, and J. Solis "Strong ion migration in high refractive index contrast waveguides formed by femtosecond laser pulses in phosphate glass", Proc. SPIE 9135, Laser Sources and Applications II, 91351G (1 May 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052441

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