Synthetic IR Cloud Image Model

J. Conant; D. Dvore; J. Gruninger

doi:10.1117/12.968475

24 August 1988 Synthetic IR Cloud Image Model

J. Conant, D. Dvore, J. Gruninger

Proceedings Volume 0933, Multispectral Image Processing and Enhancement; (1988) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.968475
Event: 1988 Technical Symposium on Optics, Electro-Optics, and Sensors, 1988, Orlando, FL, United States

Abstract

The presence of clouds affects most infrared (IR) military sensors. Foreground clouds degrade or occult target signatures and background clouds clutter a scene. Models used to assess or predict system performance must include important features of clouds: absorption, single and multiple scattering, thermal emission, partial transmission and spatial non-uniformity. Exact models which account for the details of cloud microphysics require large computation times and inputs which are difficult to obtain. Aerodyne has developed an approximate model which produces realistic cloud scenes in a reasonable amount of computer time. An average optical depth for the cloud is first calculated by use of LOWTRAN6 with specified aerosol optical properties. These properties are combined with a multiple scattering model which uses a two stream approximation. This model assumes that 1) the cloud layer is a parallel plane and infinite, 2) there is a constant single scattering albedo which may be wavelength dependent, 3) there is local thermodynamic equilibrium between particles and atmospheric gases, and 4) there is a uniform cloud temperature and emissivity. The result is an average cloud radiance spectrum along a specified line-of-sight. The line-of-sight may be up-looking or down-looking, and up to two cloud layers may be present. Spatial non-uniformities are incorporated by use of a cloud texture model based on a 1/f spectral shaping of spatial variations. The final scene including the effect of the atmospheric path from the cloud to the observer is in-band integrated and recorded as a grid of radiances with an associated depth map for use in a target/background interface model.

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J. Conant, D. Dvore, and J. Gruninger "Synthetic IR Cloud Image Model", Proc. SPIE 0933, Multispectral Image Processing and Enhancement, (24 August 1988); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.968475

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KEYWORDS

Clouds

Atmospheric modeling

Scattering

Multiple scattering

Systems modeling

Image processing

Thermal modeling

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