Presentation + Paper
4 March 2016 Visualizing Oxazine 4 nerve-specific fluorescence ex vivo in frozen tissue sections
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
Nerve damage plagues surgical outcomes and remains a major burden for patients, surgeons, and the healthcare system. Fluorescence image-guided surgery using nerve specific small molecule fluorophores offers a solution to diminish surgical nerve damage through improved intraoperative nerve identification and visualization. Oxazine 4 has shown superior nerve specificity in initial testing in vivo, while exhibiting a red shifted excitation and emission spectra compared to other nerve-specific fluorophores. However, Oxazine 4 does not exhibit near-infrared (NIR) excitation and emission, which would be ideal to improve penetration depth and nerve signal to background ratios for in vivo imaging. Successful development of a NIR nerve-specific fluorophore will require understanding of the molecular target of fluorophore nerve specificity. While previous small molecule nerve-specific fluorophores have demonstrated excellent ex vivo nerve specificity, Oxazine 4 ex vivo nerve specific fluorescence has been difficult to visualize. In the present study, we examined each step of the ex vivo fluorescence microscopy sample preparation procedure to discover how in vivo nerve-specific fluorescence is changed during ex vivo tissue sample preparation. Through step-by-step examination we found that Oxazine 4 fluorescence was significantly diminished by washing and mounting tissue sections for microscopy. A method to preserve Oxazine 4 nerve specific fluorescence ex vivo was determined, which can be utilized for visualization by fluorescence microscopy.
Conference Presentation
© (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Connor W. Barth and Summer L. Gibbs "Visualizing Oxazine 4 nerve-specific fluorescence ex vivo in frozen tissue sections", Proc. SPIE 9696, Molecular-Guided Surgery: Molecules, Devices, and Applications II, 96960R (4 March 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214204
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CITATIONS
Cited by 6 scholarly publications and 1 patent.
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KEYWORDS
Nerve

Tissues

Luminescence

In vivo imaging

Microscopy

Visualization

Near infrared

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