Enhanced speed in fluorescence imaging using beat frequency multiplexing

Hideharu Mikami; Hirofumi Kobayashi; Yisen Wang; Syed Hamad; Yasuyuki Ozeki; Keisuke Goda

doi:10.1117/12.2211836

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7 March 2016 Enhanced speed in fluorescence imaging using beat frequency multiplexing

Hideharu Mikami, Hirofumi Kobayashi, Yisen Wang, Syed Hamad, Yasuyuki Ozeki, Keisuke Goda

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Proceedings Volume 9720, High-Speed Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy: Toward Big Data Instrumentation and Management; 97200T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2211836
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2016, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Fluorescence imaging using radiofrequency-tagged emission (FIRE) is an emerging technique that enables higher imaging speed (namely, temporal resolution) in fluorescence microscopy compared to conventional fluorescence imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy and wide-field microscopy. It works based on the principle that it uses multiple intensity-modulated fields in an interferometric setup as excitation fields and applies frequency-division multiplexing to fluorescence signals. Unfortunately, despite its high potential, FIRE has limited imaging speed due to two practical limitations: signal bandwidth and signal detection efficiency. The signal bandwidth is limited by that of an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) employed in the setup, which is typically 100-200 MHz for the spectral range of fluorescence excitation (400-600 nm). The signal detection efficiency is limited by poor spatial mode-matching between two interfering fields to produce a modulated excitation field. Here we present a method to overcome these limitations and thus to achieve higher imaging speed than the prior version of FIRE. Our method achieves an increase in signal bandwidth by a factor of two and nearly optimal mode matching, which enables the imaging speed limited by the lifetime of the target fluorophore rather than the imaging system itself. The higher bandwidth and better signal detection efficiency work synergistically because higher bandwidth requires higher signal levels to avoid the contribution of shot noise and amplifier noise to the fluorescence signal. Due to its unprecedentedly high-speed performance, our method has a wide variety of applications in cancer detection, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.

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Hideharu Mikami, Hirofumi Kobayashi, Yisen Wang, Syed Hamad, Yasuyuki Ozeki, and Keisuke Goda "Enhanced speed in fluorescence imaging using beat frequency multiplexing", Proc. SPIE 9720, High-Speed Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy: Toward Big Data Instrumentation and Management, 97200T (7 March 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2211836

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