The manipulation of the transverse profile of light beams is ubiquitous in optics. However, the independent control and shaping of copropagating transverse spatial modes, i.e. spatial mode multiplexing, is a complex task. In recent years, a number of technologies have emerged, each tailored for different propagation mediums. We will give a thorough introduction to this topic, from its mathematical formulation to the different implementations available today, focusing on free-space shaping. We will present a few applications of this technology, both in the classical and quantum domains, focusing on the particular challenges brought by it, such as cross-talk.
|