We discuss applications of pump-probe microscopy to the investigation of pigments in artworks. In pump-probe, a series of ultrafast laser pulses probe molecular state dynamics, which is governed by several physical mechanisms that evolve on timescales ranging from sub-picoseconds to many microseconds. The interplay of these mechanisms can lead to complex dynamics and is sensitive to a pigment’s structure, composition, and environment. We describe strategies to interpret pump-probe dynamics and to disentangle the underlying contributions from different physical mechanisms. We also report on applications to the studies of Cadmium pigments, carbon-based black pigments, and their degradation mechanism.
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