Silicon pore optics (SPO) is a novel approach, which has been developed for the European Space Agency X-ray observatory Athena, to achieve high-performance X-ray mirrors at low cost and relatively short lead time. The light-weight optics are manufactured from silicon wafers using mass production semiconductor technology as well as custom fully automated robotic assembly systems. A fully automated 300 mm IBF machine is used to further improve the optics by correcting thickness inhomogeneities, achieve specific global gradients and reduce the initial surface roughness of the wafers. SPO is a versatile technology, as the design of the mirror plates can be optimized for various applications. Different optical designs such as Wolter, Kirkpatrick–Baez, Laue and X-ray interferometry can be realized for the low-energy X-ray to gamma-ray energy range.
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