The manipulation of focused light beams is widely used in our lives, such as camera lenses and signal transmission. Although there are traditional lenses that realize off-axis focusing, the requirements of tilting need extra space, and the tilting stage hinders its compact integration. These disadvantages hinder the development of device miniaturization or increased construction complexity. Meta-devices composed of artificial nanostructures can manipulate the incident electromagnetic wave's phase, polarization, and amplitude. Meta-devices show excellent performance and novel applications to meet optical demands. The significant advantages of meta-devices are their new properties, lighter weight, and compact size. Here, we demonstrate cascaded meta-devices for focal length tuning in the z-axis (1-dimensional, 1D), focal spot manipulation in the x-y plane (2-dimensional, 2D), and x-y-z axis (3-dimensional, 3D). The varifocal meta-devices are used for bioimaging and 6G signal transmission.
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