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Chapter 9:
Processing Important Piezoelectric Materials
Book: Power Harvesting via Smart Materials
Author(s): Ashok K. Batra; Almuatasim Alomari
Published: 2017
https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2268643.ch9
Abstract
Pyroelectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric materials have been fabricated in bulk single crystals and in ceramic, thin- and thick-film, and composite forms. All of the major techniques are described depend on the applicability and convenience of fabricating bulk and MEMS-based energy harvesters. Notable examples include the following: • Triglycine sulfate (TGS)-type crystals have great potential in pyroelectric energy-harvesting applications based on its properties. However, it has attracted limited interest, possibly due to its low Curie temperature (49 °C). It is also water soluble, hygroscopic, and relatively low strength. It is possible to use it with proper encapsulation. • Lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystals are of interest due to their ultra-high piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients. These materials have a low Curie temperature (121 °C), which can limit the material to relatively-low-temperature operations. • The lead zirconate titanate (PZT) family remains a widely used commercial ceramic due to its relative ease of fabrication in polycrystalline form with good piezoelectric properties. Other materials being explored for energy-harvesting applications include lithium tantalate (LTO) single crystals, a family of potassium sodium niobate (KNN), magnesium-doped bismuth sodium titanate-barium titanate (BNT-BT) single crystals, barium strontium titanate (BST) films, AlN, GaN, CdS, and ZnO.
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CHAPTER 9
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