You have requested a machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Neither SPIE nor the owners and publishers of the content make, and they explicitly disclaim, any express or implied representations or warranties of any kind, including, without limitation, representations and warranties as to the functionality of the translation feature or the accuracy or completeness of the translations.
Translations are not retained in our system. Your use of this feature and the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in the Terms and Conditions of Use of the SPIE website.
Chapter 9: Controlling Optical Properties of Tissues
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print format on
SPIE.org.
Abstract
This chapter describes the fundamentals and advances of controlling tissue optical properties. As a major technology, the optical immersion method using exogenous optical clearing agents (OCAs) is discussed. Water transport in a tissue, and tissue swelling and hydration upon its interaction with an OCA, are considered. Optical clearing properties of fibrous and cell-structured tissues are analyzed by using spectrophotometry, frequency domain, fluorescence, IR vibrational, Raman, terahertz, and polarization measurements, confocal microscopy and OCT, as well as nonlinear spectroscopy techniques, such as two-photon fluorescence, SHG, and CARS. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies of a variety of human and animal tissues, such as eye sclera, skin, muscle, fat, cerebral membrane (dura mater), digestive tract tissue, tendon, blood vessels, and blood, are presented. OCA delivery, tissue permeation, and skin reservoir function are discussed. Imaging of cells and cell flows in optical clearing is also discussed. Some important applications of the tissue immersion technique are described, such as glucose sensing and precision tissue laser photodisruption, as well as other techniques of controlling tissue optical properties, such as tissue compression and stretching, noncoagulating and coagulating temperature action, and tissue whitening.
Online access to SPIE eBooks is limited to subscribing institutions.