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6 March 2014 Laser-induced fluorescence made simple: implications for the diagnosis and follow-up monitoring of basal cell carcinoma
Eleni A. Drakaki, Clio Dessinioti, Alexander J. Stratigos, Carmen Salavastru, Christina Antoniou
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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 19, Issue 3, 030901 (March 2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.3.030901
Abstract
Noninvasive treatments are increasingly being used for the management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the predominant type of nonmelanoma skin cancer, making the development of noninvasive diagnostic technologies highly relevant for clinical practice. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy emerges as an attractive diagnostic technique for the diagnosis and demarcation of BCC due to its noninvasiveness, high sensitivity, real-time measurements, and user-friendly methodology. LIF relies on the principle of differential fluorescence emission between abnormal and normal skin tissues (ex vivo and in vivo) in response to excitation by a specific wavelength of light. Fluorescence originates either from endogenous fluorophores (autofluorescence) or from exogenously administered fluorophores (photosensitizers). The measured optical properties and fluorophore contributions of normal skin and BCC are significantly different from each other and correlate well with tissue histology. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is based on the visualization of a fluorophore, with the ability to accumulate in tumor tissue, by the use of fluorescence imaging. PDD may be used for detecting subclinical disease, determining surgical margins, and following-up patients for residual tumor or BCC relapse. In this review, we will present the basic principles of LIF and discuss its uses for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of BCC.
© The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
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Eleni A. Drakaki, Clio Dessinioti, Alexander J. Stratigos, Carmen Salavastru, and Christina Antoniou "Laser-induced fluorescence made simple: implications for the diagnosis and follow-up monitoring of basal cell carcinoma," Journal of Biomedical Optics 19(3), 030901 (6 March 2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.3.030901
Published: 6 March 2014
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KEYWORDS
Luminescence
Tissues
Skin
Laser induced fluorescence
Tumors
Diagnostics
Skin cancer
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