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This special section of the Journal of Biomedical Optics features 13 papers about metabolic imaging and spectroscopy and commemorates Professor Britton Chance (1913–2010). Britton Chance was a prolific scientist and trailblazer in the fields of biochemistry, biophysics, biology, bioengineering, electrical engineering, physics, and medicine. In addition, he was a founding father of both in vivo NMR and in vivo biomedical optics. His research activities spanned three quarters of a century, regularly connecting basic discoveries to clinical translation, with the ultimate goal to elucidate tissue biology and function for diagnosis and healing of disease and for improving health. Britton Chance generated many important technological advancements that had impact on basic and clinical science.1 In the 1930s and 1940s, he invented miniature stop-flow instruments and used them to make seminal contributions to our understanding of enzymatic kinetics; for example, he experimentally demonstrated formation of Michaelis-Menten enzyme-substrate complex. In the 1950s, he invented the dual-beam spectrophotometer and used it in pioneering investigations of bioenergetics and the redox state in mitochondria. In the 1960s, he and coworkers found evidence for and elucidated the electron tunneling phenomenon in a biological system. In the 1970s, he and coworkers identified hydrogen peroxide release by the respiratory chain in mitochondria. In the 1970–80s, he was a key player in the development of in vivo NMR spectroscopy. Finally, in the 1990s until his death, he was a founding father of and a leading figure in the field of biomedical optics, especially in regard to utilizing optics for biomedical research and translating these technologies to clinical practice. In addition to his research, Britton Chance always focused on mentoring and creating opportunities for the next generation of scientists, e.g., from developing and implementing summer programs for high school students in Philadelphia, to promoting scientific cooperation and exchange between the Eastern and Western communities of the world. In honor of his 105th birthday, The Second Britton Chance International Symposium on Metabolic Imaging and Spectroscopy ( http://www.med.upenn.edu/chance/index.html) took place at the University of Pennsylvania, June 11–13, 2018. The event brought together over 200 physicists, engineers, biologists, and clinicians for discussion and presentation of cutting-edge research innovation and clinical translation in metabolic imaging and spectroscopy. After this symposium, the Organizing Committee solicited manuscripts from these research communities for two journal issues, in the Journal of Biomedical Optics (JBO) and Molecular Imaging and Biology, respectively. The contributions to this special section of JBO Volume 24, Issue 5, cover a wide range of topics and applications. This research develops and/or uses optical tools to measure functional processes in healthy and diseased cells and tissues. We have classified these manuscripts into five categories: metabolism,2,3 perfusion,4 cancer imaging/monitoring,5,6,7,8 functional brain monitoring,9,10 and technology development.11,12,13,14 Britton Chance was deeply interested in all of these subfields of biomedical optics. To honor his contributions and to carry his scientific torch further, hereafter we will organize a Britton Chance Symposium every five years. Finally, we appreciate the support and contributions of all symposium participants, and the journal issue authors, reviewers, editors, and staff. ReferencesL. Z. Li et al.,
“Citation analysis of the scientific publications of Britton Chance in ISI citation indexes,”
J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci., 7
(2), 1430003
(2014). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545814300031 Google Scholar
D. Desa, M. G. Nichols and H. J. Smith,
“Aminoglycosides rapidly inhibit NAD(P)H metabolism increasing reactive oxygen species and cochlear cell demise,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051403
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051403 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
D. Lloyd et al.,
“Temporal metabolic partitioning of the yeast and protist cellular networks: the cell is a global scale-invariant (fractal or self-similar) multi-oscillator,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051404
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051404 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
H. Ayaz et al.,
“Early diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas,”
J. Biomed. Opt, 24
(5), 051411
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051411 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
J. M. Cochran et al.,
“Hybrid time-domain and continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography instrument with concurrent, clinical MRI for breast cancer imaging,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051409
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051409 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
T.-T. Huang et al.,
“Two-channel autofluorescence analysis for oral cancer,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051402
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051402 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
S. Qi et al.,
“Dynamic visualization of the whole process of cytotoxic T lymphocytes killing B16 tumor cells in vitro,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051413
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051413 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
K.-Y. Ju et al.,
“Unraveling the molecular nature of melanin changes in metastatic cancer,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051414
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051414 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
J. Sun et al.,
“Connectivity properties in the prefrontal cortex during working memory: A near-infrared spectroscopy study,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051410
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051410 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
P. Sirpal et al.,
“fNIRS improves seizure detection in multimodal EEG-fNIRS recordings,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051408
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051408 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
J. Feng et al.,
“Back propagation neural network-based reconstruction algorithm for diffuse optical tomography,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051407
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051407 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
L. Li et al.,
“Penetration model of chemical reactivation for resin-embedded green-fluorescent protein imaging,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051406
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051406 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
X. Cao et al.,
“Cherenkov excited short-wave infrared fluorescence imaging using directed external beam radiation,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051405
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051405 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
C. Williams et al.,
“Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri: bacteria respond quickly and sensitively to pulsed microwave electric (but not magnetic) fields,”
J. Biomed. Opt., 24
(5), 051412
(2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051412 JBOPFO 1083-3668 Google Scholar
BiographyLin Z. Li is an associate professor of radiology and directs the Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging at the University of Pennsylvania. Prior to 2004, he developed original NMR methods that contributed fundamentally to the development of quantitative susceptibility mapping. Since 2004, he has been employing and developing NMR and optical redox imaging methods to interrogate cellular redox state in diseases such as cancer and aging. David Busch is an assistant professor in the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management and Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. His work focuses on developing noninvasive and minimally invasive optical tools to monitor deep tissues in health and disease, as well as throughout therapy. Arjun G. Yodh is the James M. Skinner Professor of Science in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Pennsylvania. His biomedical research is oriented toward imaging and monitoring with diffusing light; this research explores fundamental aspects of light transport and aims to demonstrate the potential of these tools for functional imaging/monitoring in brain, breast, and muscle. He also directs the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, an interdisciplinary materials institute that hosts the Penn NSF-MRSEC. |
