Fully automated quantitative cephalometry using convolutional neural networks

Sercan Ö. Arik; Bulat Ibragimov; Lei Xing

doi:10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.014501

6 January 2017 Fully automated quantitative cephalometry using convolutional neural networks

Sercan Ö. Arik, Bulat Ibragimov, Lei Xing

Author Affiliations +

Journal of Medical Imaging, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 014501 (January 2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.014501

Abstract

Quantitative cephalometry plays an essential role in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and surgery. Development of fully automated techniques for these procedures is important to enable consistently accurate computerized analyses. We study the application of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for fully automated quantitative cephalometry for the first time. The proposed framework utilizes CNNs for detection of landmarks that describe the anatomy of the depicted patient and yield quantitative estimation of pathologies in the jaws and skull base regions. We use a publicly available cephalometric x-ray image dataset to train CNNs for recognition of landmark appearance patterns. CNNs are trained to output probabilistic estimations of different landmark locations, which are combined using a shape-based model. We evaluate the overall framework on the test set and compare with other proposed techniques. We use the estimated landmark locations to assess anatomically relevant measurements and classify them into different anatomical types. Overall, our results demonstrate high anatomical landmark detection accuracy (∼1% to 2% higher success detection rate for a 2-mm range compared with the top benchmarks in the literature) and high anatomical type classification accuracy (∼76% average classification accuracy for test set). We demonstrate that CNNs, which merely input raw image patches, are promising for accurate quantitative cephalometry.

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Sercan Ö. Arik, Bulat Ibragimov, and Lei Xing "Fully automated quantitative cephalometry using convolutional neural networks," Journal of Medical Imaging 4(1), 014501 (6 January 2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.4.1.014501

Received: 12 September 2016; Accepted: 12 December 2016; Published: 6 January 2017

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