Channel-wise barcodes for color display applications

Karthik Dinesh; Jiangfeng Lu; Shingirai Dhoro; Gaurav Sharma

doi:10.1117/1.JEI.28.3.033021

5 June 2019 Channel-wise barcodes for color display applications

Karthik Dinesh, Jiangfeng Lu, Shingirai Dhoro, Gaurav Sharma

Author Affiliations +

Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol. 28, Issue 3, 033021 (June 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.28.3.033021

Abstract

We present a channel-wise (CW) framework for data embedding in display images using barcodes. Data are embedded in one or more channels of the color image encoded as a monochrome barcode pattern and extracted from the corresponding channels by the decoder. We highlight two advantageous schemes, realized in the proposed framework: red, green, blue CW barcodes (RGB-CWBs), and blue channel image-barcodes (BC-IBs). Compared with a conventional monochrome black and white barcode BW-B with the same spatial footprint, RGB-CWBs utilize the three channels of color image more effectively and enable a three-fold increase in data rate, whereas BC-IBs significantly reduce the embedding distortion by exploiting the reduced sensitivity of the visual system to spatial detail in blue colors. For RGB-CWBs, we develop an effective framework for the cancellation of cross-channel interference between the display and capture channels using a model for the display and capture processes and for the ambient illumination. Model parameters required for interference cancellation (IC) are learned on-the-fly using either expectation-maximization or through suitable design of the synchronization patterns as “pilot-blocks.” Extensive experiments over multiple display and capture devices validate the advantages of the framework: RGB-CWBs (with IC) and the BC-IBs offer bit error rates comparable to their monochrome counterparts while providing either a three-fold increase in data rate or a significant reduction in distortion, respectively.

Citation Download Citation

Karthik Dinesh, Jiangfeng Lu, Shingirai Dhoro, and Gaurav Sharma "Channel-wise barcodes for color display applications," Journal of Electronic Imaging 28(3), 033021 (5 June 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.28.3.033021

Received: 5 January 2019; Accepted: 10 May 2019; Published: 5 June 2019

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