6 March 2024 Coupling of unsupervised and supervised deep learning-based approaches for surface anomaly detection
Domen Rački, Dejan Tomaževič, Danijel Skočaj
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Anomaly detection (AD) in an unsupervised manner has become the go-to approach in applications where data labeling proves problematic. However, these approaches are not completely unsupervised, since they rely on the weak knowledge of the dataset distribution into anomalous and anomaly-free subsets and typically require post-training threshold calibration in order to perform AD. Yet, they do not take advantage of available positive samples during training. In contrast, fully supervised approaches have proven to be more accurate and more efficient; however, they require a sufficient number of anomalous images to be labeled on a per-pixel level, which represents a labor-intensive task. In this article, we propose a hybrid approach that utilizes the best of both worlds. We use an unsupervised approach to build a model for generating pseudo labels, followed by a supervised approach to increase the robustness of AD. Moreover, we extend this approach with an active learning schema that results in learning with mixed supervision. We achieve several improvements, i.e., the utilization of available positive image samples, improved AD performance, and the retention of real-time performance. The proposed approach yields results that are comparable to the fully supervised approach, and at the very least, reduces the number of required labeled anomalous samples.

© 2024 SPIE and IS&T
Domen Rački, Dejan Tomaževič, and Danijel Skočaj "Coupling of unsupervised and supervised deep learning-based approaches for surface anomaly detection," Journal of Electronic Imaging 33(3), 031207 (6 March 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.33.3.031207
Received: 9 November 2023; Accepted: 16 February 2024; Published: 6 March 2024
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KEYWORDS
Education and training

Image segmentation

Statistical modeling

Data modeling

Feature extraction

Defect detection

Performance modeling

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