In recent years, antibody-labeled fluorescent probes have attracted wide attention in fluorescence immunochromatography. Quantum dots (QDs) are excellent fluorescent materials with some unique optical properties, including strong stability against photobleaching, broad excitation spectra, high emission intensity, good fluorescence efficiency, and narrow excitonic emission. The CdSe/ZnS QDs microbeads were prepared by encapsulation in-situ of CdSe/ZnS QDs in polyisobornyl methacrylate (PIBOMA) herein and then functional QDs microbeads were produced by the binding of active carboxyl-modified QDs microbeads to the C-reactive protein (CRP) antibody. Their fluorescence properties were also investigated and functional QDs microbeads were further evaluated as fluorescent probes to detect different CRP concentrations using the fluorescence immunoassay test strips. The experiment data indicated that functional QDs microbeads possessed good stability, high fluorescence efficiencies, narrow fluorescence spectra, and good linear relationship of detection line signal versus quality inspection line signal (T₁  /  C) to the CRP concentration varying from 0.001 to 0.2  mg  /  l. Therefore, functional CdSe/ZnS QDs microbeads encapsulated in PIBOMA bioconjugated to CRP antibody can be used as the potential fluorescent probes to achieve quantitative detection in the immunochromatographic technology.