Recent advances in multimodal neurotechnologies have opened new avenues for recording and manipulation of neuronal activity. One multimodal approach relies on physical interactions between the modalities such as the sound modulating the diffraction index of biological tissues. This principle underlies the use of ultrasound (US) to steer the light and US-assisted focusing. Another approach is to combine technologies that do not interact yet serve as parallel and complementary information channels. For example, optical imaging and optogenetics have been combined with either fMRI or electrical recordings, thereby extending the spatiotemporal scale, resolution, and specificity achievable by each modality alone.

This special section aims to highlight these hybrid photonic/X neurointerfaces including the underlying methodologies and the application of these hybrid tools to studies of brain in health and disease. We welcome a wide scope of contributions covering all paper types offered by Neurophotonics including:

• Original research
• Synthesis articles such as reviews and primers
• Step-by-step protocols and tutorials
• Informatics articles (data papers)  

We welcome submissions from efforts combining a broad range of tools to image, record, and manipulate brain structure and function across animal species and in humans. The individual modalities include but are not limited to:

• Optogenetics
• Optoacoustic simulation
• Photobiomodulation
• Ultrasound-assisted focusing
• Single- and multiphoton fluorescent, phosphorescence and bioluminescent imaging
• Hemodynamic, vascular and metabolic optical imaging
• Photoacoustics
• Microendoscopy and microfiber-based imaging
• fMRI
• Electrophysiological recordings with optically transparent and integrated neurophotonic probes
• Implantable multimodal probes and interfaces for imaging, recording and closed/open loop control
• Multimodal molecular reporters and actuators.

All submissions to the special section will be handled according to the Journal’s policy for peer reviewed publications. The submission cover letter should indicate that the manuscript is intended for this special section.

Neurophotonicsis a Gold open access journal; all papers are published under a Creative Commons license. Authors of accepted papers are required to pay an article processing charge of $1675. Discounts are available; for information please visit https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/open-access.

Recent progress in computational approaches is revolutionizing our ability to acquire, reconstruct, analyze, and interpret neuroimaging data, and to understand brain activities and functions at both the neuronal and network levels.

This special section will highlight some of the emerging computational technologies underlying these advances. Computational techniques that address any challenge in the pipeline of acquiring, processing, and analysis of neuroimaging data are welcome. 

Topics include but are not limited to: 

• recording of neural activity 
• reconstruction of neural activity
• classification of cell types at the functional or anatomical level
• inference of functional connectivity, interpretation of the brain function at cellular level and circuit level, etc. 

We welcome submissions on a broad range of computational methods (such as graph-based techniques, machine learning, deep learning, etc.) to fulfil different tasks, such as acquisition, segmentation, classification, regression, etc. Neuroimaging modalities include but are not limited to 

• one-photon or multi-photon imaging of functional indicators (e.g. calcium imaging, voltage imaging, neurotransmitter imaging, etc.) 
• functional near-infrared spectroscopies to image hemodynamics 
• photoacoustic imaging
• functional magnetic resonance imaging
• electroencephalogram (EEG). 

A cover letter indicating that the submission is intended for this special section should be included with the paper submission. All submissions to the special section will be handled according to the journal’s policy for peer-reviewed publications.

Neurophotonics is a Gold open access journal; all papers are published under a Creative Commons license. Authors of accepted papers are required to pay an article processing charge of $1675. Discounts are available; for information please visit https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/open-access.