1.
Introduction
To extend transmission distance is the goal of fiber optical cable television (CATV) transport systems. If the fiber transmission length exceeds several tens of kilometers, a dispersion effect can cause intolerable amounts of composite second order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) distortions. It is necessary to use dispersion compensation devices, such as a chirped fiber grating or a dispersion compensation fiber,1 2 to overcome the dispersion effect and consequently decrease the nonlinear distortion. But dispersion compensation devices increase the cost and complexity of systems. Recently, a directly modulated transmitter has become attractive for lightwave transport systems, because of its lower costs compared to an externally modulated transmitter. A directly modulated transmitter, however, has a large chirp which limits the transmission distance due to a small dispersion tolerance. In previous studies, negative dispersion fiber (NDF) has been used as the transmission medium in digital lightwave transport systems,3 4 5 but its application in analog lightwave transport systems has not been addressed. NDF, which has negative dispersion, is expected to compensate positive laser chirp and improve the dispersion tolerance in a directly modulated CATV transport system. In this work, the architecture of a directly modulated CATV transport system over NDF links is proposed. We successfully demonstrate that directly modulated CATV signals can be transmitted up to a maximum of 70 km of NDF without optical amplification.
2.
Experimental Setup
The experimental system configuration of our proposed directly modulated CATV transport systems using NDF as the transmission medium is shown in Fig. 1. Radio-frequency carriers generated from a 77-channel (CH2–78) NTSC Matrix SX-16 signal generator are fed into a directly modulated transmitter with a central wavelength of 1550.5 nm and an optical modulation index (OMI) of ∼3.8 per channel. The system is linked with different transmission lengths of 0 to 70 km NDF, with an attenuation of 0.212 dB/km and a negative dispersion of −2.5 ps/nm/km. In order to transmit the optical signal up to 70 km without optical amplification, the distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode has a high power level of 16 dBm. After fiber transmission, the received optical signal was received by an optical receiver. All CATV rf parameters were measured using an HP-8591C CATV analyzer at various lengths of NDF (0 to 70 km).
3.
Experimental Results and Discussions
In a direct modulation scheme incorporating a DFB laser diode with positive chirp parameter Δυ, the second order harmonic distortion to carrier ratio (HD2/C) and third order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD3/C) can be expressed as6
where m is the OMI, β¨ is the second order dispersion coefficient, z is the fiber transmission length, and Ω is the rf signal carrier frequency. A direct way to reduce the positive chirp is to introduce a negative chirp parameter into Eqs. (1) and (2). After employing NDF as the transmission fiber, then Eqs. (1) and (2) can be changed into: where β NDF is the negative dispersion parameter due to NDF. It indicates that the lowest HD2/C and IMD3/C values can be achieved when (Δυ+β NDF )2 reaches the lowest value which results in better transmission performance. At a fiber length of 60 km, the measured carrier-to-noise radio (CNR), CSO, and CTB values under the NTSC channel number are plotted in Fig. 2. Excellent performances of CNR/CSO/CTB (>50/67.5/66 dB) were achieved without optical amplification.
The measured CSO/CTB values at the highest channel (CH78, worst case) as a function of fiber length is shown in Fig. 3. Due to the effect of the accumulated negative dispersion, it is apparent that CSO/CTB values improve as the fiber length increases up to 60 km. However, CSO/CTB performances are degraded when the transmission length is more than 60 km. Therefore, it can be concluded that a large amount of negative dispersion will degrade system transmission performance and limit the transmission distance. When the fiber transmission length is 70 km, the measured CSO/CTB values are 66.4/65.2 dB, and both still meet the fiber optical CATV demands (>65/65 dB). In order to make clear the improvement achieved with our proposed setup, a comparison with a standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transport system is also presented in Fig. 3. When we use SSMF, large amounts of CSO/CTB distortions are generated as the transmission length is increased. The optical spectra for a DFB laser diode with/without NDF transport are shown in Fig. 4. It can be seen that originally the optical signal possesses a wide 0.126-nm spectral linewidth (1550.563 to 1550.437 nm). Over a 60-km NDF transport, the optical signal possesses a narrow 0.098-nm spectral linewidth; over a 70-km NDF transport, the optical signal possesses a 0.124-nm spectral linewidth.
4.
Conclusion
We successfully demonstrated a directly modulated CATV transport system over 70 km of NDF without optical amplification. Good performances of CNR, CSO, and CTB were obtained in our proposed systems. Thus, it is possible to implement a cost-effective CATV transport system employing a directly modulated laser and NDF.
