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9 May 2014Integrated digital holography for measuring the photothermal effect induced by femtosecond laser pulses
Thermal lens (TL) and thermal mirror (TM) effects have been widely used for measuring the thermo-optical properties in materials. However, most previous research is not a direct two-dimensional measurement of the phase difference induced by photothermal effects, and the TL and TM effects cannot be measured simultaneously. We present an integrated digital holography (IDH) for measuring photothermal effects induced by femtosecond laser pulses with the laser excitation fluence below the ablation threshold. The photothermal effects of a metal sample induced by femtosecond laser pulses are studied. Our theoretical analysis reveals that when the energy of the femtosecond laser is below the ablation threshold, the theory of heat conduction and thermoelasticity can be used to explain the TL and TM effects caused by the laser-induced nonuniform temperature distribution. The experimental results show that both the nanoscale surface deformation of the TM effect and the refraction index change of the TL effect can be measured simultaneously by using the IDH. This IDH setup could be suitable for measuring the optical and thermal properties of materials.