Because well-considered optical buffers have not been developed to date, the optical circuit switching (OCS) mechanism has been used widely for data transmission applications in existing optical network-on-chip (ONoC) devices. Unfortunately, with increasing network loads and increasing numbers of intellectual property (IP) cores, ONoCs based on the OCS mechanism are facing serious node congestion problems that greatly limit their network communication performances. A chain-building scheme is proposed to achieve high chain-building efficiency with low overheads. The proposed scheme uses a network state partitioning method based on time prediction to optimize the chain-building process and performs congestion control using a dynamic back-off approach. The simulation results obtained using OPNET software show that the network delay and throughput performances of the ONoC device using the proposed chain-building scheme represent significant improvements when compared with common existing schemes.