12 October 2024 Quantitative analysis of phase retrieval with the transport of intensity equation under low-light conditions
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Abstract

We demonstrate low-light quantitative phase imaging using the transport of intensity equation. The incident numbers of photons are experimentally determined using an optical power meter. Although the low-light phase imaging condition is vulnerable to noise, its application in astronomy and imaging of biological samples draws the attention of researchers. Low light is treated as a Poisson noise. We explore the method as an opportunity to study low-light phase imaging conditions and the possible potential to go toward ultra-low-light conditions. We have illustrated the same with the help of numerical simulation and experimental results.

© 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Ram Kumar, Alok K. Gupta, and Naveen K. Nishchal "Quantitative analysis of phase retrieval with the transport of intensity equation under low-light conditions," Optical Engineering 63(11), 111813 (12 October 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.63.11.111813
Received: 31 January 2024; Accepted: 19 September 2024; Published: 12 October 2024
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KEYWORDS
Photons

Phase retrieval

Image quality

Phase imaging

Quantitative analysis

Image retrieval

Optical engineering

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