Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) surgery has a risk of cognitive impairment and neurological injury. Currently, there are few options for non-invasively monitoring brain activity and perfusion, with electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) all having significant drawbacks. By combining NIRS with diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) we can obtain a more complete picture of cerebral hemodynamics during TAVR procedures and examine the link to neurological outcomes. We show examples of post-valve replacement hemodynamic changes that correspond with worse/better patient outcomes
Multimodal x-ray mammography and optical imaging data were acquired on six breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) but reponded differently to their treatment. Changes in tumor contrast quantified by total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) between baseline and pre-cycle 3 are distinctive across various levels of pathological outcomes. While decreases in lesion size have been observed in all cases regardless of pathological outcomes, optical contrast shows more distinctive response characteristics that could potentially be used to differentiate complete responders from partial responders.
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease comprising a variety of genotypes and phenotypes of varying levels of aggressiveness. This presents significant challenges to clinical management of early-stage cancers. In this paper, we describe the use of multimodal optical technologies including near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging to evaluate the aggressiveness and progression of two patient-derived xenograft models of human breast cancer. Optical markers reveal distinctive features between low- and high-aggressiveness tumors that could potentially be translated for clinical use.
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