large mode area fiber ,
fiber sensor ,
photonic crystal ,
high power fiber and waveguide laser ,
photonic crystal fiber ,
long period fiber and waveguide grating
Publications (19)
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We have computationally modeled a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber made up of methanol and silica for numerical study of linear effects, nonlinear effects and supercontinuum generation in the near-infrared wavelength region. We have obtained the dispersion in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes with zero-dispersion wavelength at 1450 nm. The proposed fiber design possessed the nonlinear coefficient as 15.10 W-1.km-1 for the effective mode area 7.24 μm2 at pump wavelength of 1.55 μm in the anomalous dispersion region. The proposed fiber design is able to generate the ultrabroadband supercontinuum spectrum 600-2400 nm in a 12 cm long fiber length using 12 kW input peak power. Such fibers are strong candidate for the applications in wavelength division multiplexing.
We numerically designed and engineered an isopropanol-silica based photonic crystal fiber for the coherent supercontinuum generation at 1300 nm and 1600 nm for optical coherence tomography. We have adopted the finite element based technique to calculate the effective mode index with its effective mode area of the fundamental mode at different wavelengths. With effective dispersion tailoring techniques, we have optimized the geometrical dimensions of the fiber and obtained the dispersion value as -27.35 ps/nm/km and +25.4 ps/nm/km at 1300 nm and 1600 nm respectively. We have obtained the nonlinear coefficient values at 1300 nm as 21.80 W-1km-1 and at 1600 nm as 13.79 W-1km-1. The proposed design can be proven an efficient and true fiber model for the generation of highly coherent supercontinuum broadband source.
A rectangular photonic crystal fiber in GeSe2-As2Se3-PbSe chalcogenide system has been numerically modeled for coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum generation.. The proposed design offers zero dispersion wavelength at 4100 nm for the optimized geometrical parameters. The nonlinear coefficient is found as high (206 W-1.km-1) corresponding to the effective mode area of 8.5 μm2 against pump wavelength at 4.1 μm. The proposed fiber is expected to be a good candidate for the generation of coherent supercontinuum mid-infrared lasers sources.
We report Purcell factor enhancement in Silicon dimer in the visible region. Dimer of Silicon spheres having diameter 130 nm has the electric field enhancement at the wavelength of 620 nm. Point electric dipole has been placed between the Silicon dimer to calculate the Purcell factor. Purcell factor or spontaneous emission rate depends on quality factor Q and mode volume V by the relation Q/V. For high Purcell factor, quality factor should be high and mode volume should be small. But high quality factor has the disadvantage that light matter interaction takes place over a very narrow bandwidth. So that coupling of emitters with cavities is very weak. Another way of increasing Purcell factor is to decrease mode volume. In our design, quality factor is 50 which is not so high but mode volume is very small of the order of 10-4 μm3 , which results in very high Purcell factor of 2400. Enhancement of Purcell factor takes place due to high local density of states. In this type of dielectric nanoparticles, electric field enhancement takes place due to Mie resonance. In single dielectric nanoparticle, electric and magnetic field confine in the nanoparticle at the wavelengths of resonance. But, in the dielectric dimer, electric field confinement between the two nanoparticles results in high Purcell factor. High Purcell factor in dielectric nanoparticles leads to many applications in nanoantennas and lasers.
We present a novel design for an axisymmetric, three-dimensional tapered dome shaped nanoantenna structure similar to nanocones. The proposed design is modelled and analyzed using numerical simulation employing the finite element method (FEM) on COMSOL. Tapered structures have emerged as promising devices in efficiently guiding and localizing free-space radiation near the apex when excited by an external electric field, thus promoting a stronger light–matter interaction. Such metallic vertically tapered structures similar to nanocones provide strong filed enhancement at the tip when the resonance condition is fulfilled and hence most design applications of such structures rely on excitation produced at the tip. In this study the traditional nanocone structure is modified to form a tapered minaret structure comprised of multiple layers and an onion-shaped crown. Enhancement factors of the order of 104 are obtained at the tip at resonance with high directivity, thus providing an accessible hot spot. These features make the structure particularly suitable for use as nanoprobes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), scanning nearfield optical microscopy (SNOM), and surface plasmon polaritons enhanced Raman scattering (SPPERS).
We numerically report a design of a highly nonlinear spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in Ga8Sb32S60 chalcogenide glass for nonlinear applications in mid-infrared region. We have tailored the structural parameters to obtain all-normal and nearly zero flat-top dispersion profile. A flat-top dispersion curve is obtained with a negative dispersion value of -98.63 ps.nm-1 km-1 . This structure possesses a very high nonlinear coefficient of 49190 W-1 km -1 with effective mode area of the propagating fundamental mode as 0.833 μm2 at a pump wavelength of 1.9 μm. This highly nonlinear spiral-shaped PCF is suitable for the generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum spectrum in mid-IR domain. Various nonlinear applications of supercontinuum generation are pump-probe spectroscopy, nonlinear microscopy, metrology, frequency combs generation and optical coherence tomography.
Photonic Crystal Fibers have proved to be an efficient medium for propagation of electromagnetic radiation especially in the Terahertz regime. Located between the infra-red and microwave region, the Terahertz frequency range lies within 0.1 to 1 Terahertz. We report a design of a graduating ring rectangular-core Photonic Crystal Fiber, having background material as Cyclic-Olefin Copolymer (COC), with extremely low confinement loss of 4.9399 × 10−7 dB/cm and material loss of 0.2 cm−1 at 0.22 mm pitch value. Due to the very low loss values, such a structure of the Photonic Crystal Fiber can be used for efficient low-loss data communication.
All-dielectric nanoparticles have attained a lot of attention owing to the lesser loss and better quality than their metallic
counterparts. As a result, they perceive applications in the field of nanoantennas, photovoltaics and nanolasers. In the
dielectric nanoparticles, the electric and magnetic dipoles are created in dielectric nanoparticles when they interact with
the light of a particular frequency. Kerker’s type scattering is obtained where electric and magnetic dipoles interfere. In
our design, Silicon cylindrical nanoparticles having radius of 70 nm and length 120 nm have been considered. The
propagation of light is taken along the length of the cylinder. The scattering cross section has been obtained and plotted
with respect to the wavelength. At the peaks of scattering spectra, electric and magnetic dipoles are created at the
wavelengths of 510 nm and 600 nm, respectively. Both dipoles interfere at the wavelengths of 550 nm and 645 nm. At
these wavelengths, far field scattering pattern has been calculated. At the wavelength 645 nm, forward scattering takes
place because electric and magnetic dipoles are in phase at this wavelength. Further, directivity is enhanced by taking the
planar array of the nanoparticles. It has been observed that directivity increases by increasing the size of the array. Also,
there is an increase in the directivity by increasing the gap between the nanoparticles. This enhancement of directivity
can lead to the design of all dielectric cylindrical nanoantennas.
The terahertz and mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum is relatively new area of interest and incorporates a wide range of applications from image sensing to spectroscopy and many more yet to be discovered. In the area of metamaterials many new designs have been discovered, but “chevrons” shaped split ring resonators (ch-SRRs) in the mid-infrared region has not been studied to the best of our knowledge. This paper presents the analysis and simulation of ch-SRRs in the mid infrared region. Tunability of SRRs is important for various industrial and scientific applications and hence this paper analyzes the tunability of the ch-SRRs by variation of angle. The device is simulated in two configurations i.e., one with two chevrons shaped SRRs on the same plane of the dielectric substrate and the other with each of the two chevron shaped SRRs on the opposite plane of the substrate. Gold SRRs is used, since we are working in the terahertz region Lorentz-Drude model is employed to incorporate the losses. The ch-SRRs have been embedded upon the silicon substrate. The models are designed and simulated in COMSOL and result is shown in MATLAB. The results obtained for reflectance are of particular interest. The effective medium parameters viz. Impendence, permittivity, permeability and refractive index obtained for the split ring resonator are also evaluated. This design shows sharp results for reflectance which can be used in sensors application.
Recently, photonic crystal fibers have attracted significant attention for their applications in optical fiber communication systems. In some polarization sensitive applications photonic crystal fibers with single-mode and single-polarization are desirable. In this paper, a rectangular-core single-mode single-polarization large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber structure has been designed based on higher order mode filtering. The single-polarization is obtained with asymmetric design and introducing different loss for x-polarization and y-polarization of fundamental mode. Single-polarization single-mode operation of a highly bi-refringent photonic crystal fiber is investigated in detail by using a full-vector finite-element- method with anisotropic perfectly-matched-layer. At optimized parameters, the confinement loss and effective-mode-area is obtained as 0.9 dB/m and 927 μm2 for x-polarization as well as 12.53 dB/m and 921 μm2 for y-polarization of fundamental mode respectively at 1.55 μm. Therefore, 1.6 m length of fiber will be sufficient to get x-polarized fundamental mode with effective-mode-area as large as 927 μm2.
In this paper, we have calculated the highly efficient generation of the slow light based on the Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a small core As2Se3 chalcogenide PCF. A Brillouin gain coefficient, gB. of 9.05 10-9 m.W-1 is found around the acoustic frequency of 8.08 GHz in small core diameter of 1.69 μm with 1.5 μm2 effective mode area at 1550 nm. A Brillouin gain of 77.3 dB was achieved with only 10 mW pump power in a 10-m fiber length, which leads to the optical time delay of 94 ns. In terms of the proposed figure of merit, it shows 2.77 dB/mW/m which is about 110 times more efficient than conventional single-mode fibers. These fibers are expected to have potential applications in realization of compact slow light devices.
A rectangular core photonic crystal fiber design in As2Se3 chalcogenide glass has been reported for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. The structural parameters have been tailored for all normal dispersion profile. The proposed structure possesses nonlinearity (Υ) as large as 20956 W-1 km-1 at 2800 nm wavelength with very low and flat dispersion of -2.38 ps/(nm×km). We have generated supercontinuum spectra spanning 1480 – 9990 nm using only 4 mm length of proposed photonic crystal fiber pumped with femtosecond optical pulses of peak power of 500 W at 2800 nm.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) performances of small core tellurite photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are rigorously studied. We propose a design of tellurite PCF that is used for slow-light-based applications. We developed a two-dimensional finite element mode solver to numerically study the acoustic and optical properties of complex refractive index profiles including tellurite PCF. Our results include the calculation of Brillouin gain spectrum, Brillouin gain coefficient (gB) and Brillouin frequency shift by taking into account the contribution of the higher-order acoustic modes. Several simulations were run by varying the air-filling ratio of various PCF structures to enhance the SBS. The real scanning electron microscope image of a small core of highly nonlinear tellurite fiber is considered. Optimized results show a frequency shift of 8.43 GHz and a Brillouin gain of 9.48×10−11 m/W with a time delay between 21 and 140 ns. Such fibers have drawn much interest because of their capacity for increasing and tailoring the SBS gain.
An equiangular spiral (ES) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) design in tellurite glass has been presented. The structure
parameters have been tailored for zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) at λZDW=1570 nm. The fiber structure has high
nonlinearity (γ = 2000 w-1 Km-1) at 1550 nm wavelength with very low and flat dispersion -0.152 [ps/(nm×km)]. We have generated supercontinuum using only 2 mm length of tellurite ES PCF with low input pulse energy of 200 pJ by
pumping at 1550 nm. The proposed fiber may be a suitable candidate for nonlinear applications.
A single mode microstructured polymer optical fiber has been designed and analysed based on finite element method
(FEM). The design parameters of proposed microstructured polymer optical fiber structure have been optimized to obtain
single mode operation along with mode area of 895 μm2. The differential loss between fundamental and higher order
modes of structure have been obtained very large (~103) with negligible loss of fundamental mode. The proposed
structure is effectively single mode at 632.8 nm wavelength after the short distance 1.65 m with very low loss of guiding
mode. The proposed structure is applicable for high power delivery devices.
A new design of the As2Se3 microfiber has been presented. With the optimized geometric parameters: pitch Λ= 0.8 μm
and five different air filling ratios varying from 0.4 to 0.95, the structure exhibits an all normal dispersion with a flat top
equal to -2.3 [ps/(nm.km)], a confinement loss less than 10-2 dB/km, and a large nonlinear coefficient equal to 7250 (w.
km)-1. Using the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we generate a very broadband supercontinuum (SC) in the
mid-infrared region. By pumping the fiber at λp=5.24 μm with a femtosecond laser having 50 fs as a width with a
relatively low energy of E=80 pJ, we generate a large spectrum extending from 2 μm to 10 μm in only 2 mm fiber
length. The generated SC demonstrates perfect coherence property over the entire bandwidth. SC generation extended
into the mid-infrared (IR) spectral region have potential usefulness in a variety of applications requiring a broad mid-IR
spectrum such as fiber sensing, IR spectroscopy, fiber laser, optical tomography coherence.
A novel design of single polarization single mode (SPSM) photonic nanowire is proposed. Using a cladding structure
with circular air holes, a new design of a photonic nanowire with ultra-wideband range of 740 nm for SPSM operation is
obtained. The numerical results show that the SPSM-nanowire is low-loss within the wavelengths ranging from 1.17 μm
to 1.91 μm, the confinement loss of the slow-axis mode is less than 0.15 dB/km and the fast-axis mode is unguided. This
fiber has greater advantages in polarization sensitive applications, such as fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber optic current
sensors, high-power fiber lasers, and coherent optical communications.
We present a multi-trench channel waveguide design that supports a single-guided mode with large-mode area. Geometrically shaped waveguide with suitable design parameters ensure effective single-mode operation by introducing high leakage loss to higher-order modes while a nominal loss to the fundamental mode. A waveguide of ~ 2.2 mm length is able to ensure single-mode operation with the core area of 100 μm2. Such a large confinement area for mode propagation can effectively suppress nonlinear optical effects. The proposed channel waveguide structure is expected to find applications in high power devices and components such as high power waveguide lasers, amplifiers and sensors.
A large-mode-area (LMA) single-mode (SM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure for applications in high power fiber lasers, amplifiers and sensors is proposed. In the proposed structure the center air hole has been removed to form the core and the six elliptical air holes of inner ring around the center core have been selectively filled with high refractive index material. Effects of design parameters on SM operation and mode area are numerically investigated by using the full vectorial finite-element method. Structure offers large-mode-area exceeding 835 μm2 at 1.064 μm wavelength. A PCF with such a large-mode-area would significantly reduce the nonlinear effects and would be useful for high power applications.
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