Dr. Alex P. Stavrides Profile

Dr. Alex P. Stavrides

at FE ThinFilms LLC

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2006

Use of amorphous silicon tandem junction solar cells for hydrogen production in a photoelectrochemical cell

Alex Stavrides, Augusto Kunrath, Jian Hu, Richard Treglio, Ari Feldman, Bjorn Marsen, Brian Cole, Eric Miller, Arun Madan

Proc. SPIE. 6340, Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology

KEYWORDS: Amorphous silicon, Solar energy, Sputter deposition, Electrodes, Glasses, Solar cells, Photons, Hydrogen, Zinc oxide, Hydrogen production

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We report the use of amorphous silicon (a-Si) tandem junctions as part of an integral "hybrid" photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell to produce hydrogen directly from water using sunlight. The device configuration consists of stainless steel (SS)/ni2pni1p/ZnO/WO3. When the device is immersed in an electrolyte and illuminated, O2 is evolved at the WO3/electrolyte interface and H2 is produced at the counter electrode. A voltage >1.23V is required to split water; typically 1.6-1.8V are needed, taking account of losses in a practical water-splitting system. We use a-Si tandem cells, deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, to supply this voltage. Current matching in the two a-Si subcells is achieved by altering the thicknesses of the two layers (i1 and i2) while keeping their band gaps at ~1.75eV, which results in a device with an open circuit voltage >1.6V, short circuit current density (Jsc) >6mA/cm2 (on SS substrates), and a fill factor >0.6. Deposition on a textured SnO2 coated glass has resulted in Jsc >9mA/cm2. Photoactive WO3 films, deposited using the RF sputtering technique, have achieved photocurrents >3mA/cm2 at 1.6V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The PEC device operates at the point at which the WO3 photocurrent IV curve and the a-Si (filtered by WO3) light IV curve cross, leading to operating currents of 2.5mA/cm2 and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of >3%.

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