Significance: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has been greatly developed in a broad range of diagnostic applications. The efficiency of light to sound conversion in PAI is limited by the ubiquitous noise arising from the tissue background, leading to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and thus a poor quality of images. Frame averaging has been widely used to reduce the noise; however, it compromises the temporal resolution of PAI.
Aim: We propose an approach for photoacoustic (PA) signal denoising based on a combination of low-pass filtering and sparse coding (LPFSC).
Approach: LPFSC method is based on the fact that PA signal can be modeled as the sum of low frequency and sparse components, which allows for the reduction of noise levels using a hybrid alternating direction method of multipliers in an optimization process.
Results: LPFSC method was evaluated using in-silico and experimental phantoms. The results show a 26% improvement in the peak SNR of PA signal compared to the averaging method for in-silico data. On average, LPFSC method offers a 63% improvement in the image contrast-to-noise ratio and a 33% improvement in the structural similarity index compared to the averaging method for objects located at three different depths, ranging from 10 to 20 mm, in a porcine tissue phantom.
Conclusions: The proposed method is an effective tool for PA signal denoising, whereas it ultimately improves the quality of reconstructed images, especially at higher depths, without limiting the image acquisition speed.
Purpose: Peripheral retinal lesions substantially increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. The peripheral changes can be visualized in wide field imaging, which is obtained by combining multiple images with an overlapping field of view using mosaicking methods. However, a robust and accurate registration of mosaicking techniques for normal angle fundus cameras is still a challenge due to the random selection of matching points and execution time. We propose a method of retinal image mosaicking based on scale-invariant feature transformation (SIFT) feature descriptor and Voronoi diagram.
Approach: In our method, the SIFT algorithm is used to describe local features in the input images. Then the input images are subdivided into regions based on the Voronoi method. Each pair of Voronoi regions is matched by the method zero mean normalized cross correlation. After matching, the retinal images are mapped into the same coordinate system to form a mosaic image. The success rate and the mean registration error (RE) of our method were compared with those of other state-of-the-art methods for the P category of the fundus image registration database.
Results: Experimental results show that the proposed method accurately registered 42% of retinal image pairs with a mean RE of 3.040 pixels, while a lower success rate was observed in the other four state-of-the-art retinal image registration methods GDB-ICP (33%), Harris-PIIFD (0%), HM-2016 (0%), and HM-2017 (2%).
Conclusions: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of quality and running time and reduces the computational complexity.
KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Image registration, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, Signal attenuation, Data corrections, Image processing, Linear filtering, Tumors, Image processing algorithms and systems
Accurate attenuation correction of emission data is mandatory for quantitative analysis of PET images. One of the main concerns in CT-based attenuation correction(CTAC) of PET data in multimodality PET/CT imaging is misalignment between PET and CT images. The aim of this study, is to proposed a hybrid method which is simple, fast and accurate, for registration of PET and CT data which affected from respiratory motion in order to improve the quality of CTAC. The algorithm is composed of three methods: First, using B-spline Free Form Deformation to describe both images and deformation field. Then applying a pre-filtering on both PET and CT images before segmentation of structures in order to reduce the respiratory related attenuation correction artifacts of PET emission data. In this approach, B-spline using FFD provide more accurate adaptive transformation to align the images, and structure constraints obtained from prefiltering applied to guide the algorithm to be more fast and accurate. Also it helps to reduce the radiation dose in PET/CT by avoiding repetition of CT imaging. These advances increase the potential of the method for routine clinical application.
Here in this paper a combined method of pixel based and region based mass detection is proposed. In the first step, the
background and pectoral muscle are filtered from mammography images and the image contrast is enhanced using an
adaptive density weighted approach. Then, in a coarse level, suspected regions are extracted based on mathematical
morphology and adaptive thresholding methods. Finally, to reduce the false positives produced in the coarse stage, a
useful feature vector based on ranklet transform is obtained and fed into a support vector machine classifier to detect
masses. MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) and Imam Hospital databases were used to evaluate the
performance of the algorithm. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method are 74% and 91% respectively. The
proposed algorithm shows a high degree of robustness in detecting masses of different shapes.
Diagnostic quality medical images consume vast amounts of network time, system bandwidth and disk storage in current computer architectures. There are many ways in which the use of system and network resources may be optimize without compromising diagnostic image quality. One of these is in the choice of image representation, both for storage and transfer. In this paper, we show how a particularly flexible method of image representation, based on Mallat's algorithm, leads to efficient methods of both lossy image compression and progressive image transmission. We illustrate the application of a progressive transmission scheme to medical images, and provide some examples of image refinement in a multiscale fashion. We show how thumbnail images created by a multiscale orthogonal decomposition can be optimally interpolated, in a minimum square error sense, based on a generalized Moore-Penrose inverse operator. In the final part of this paper, we show that the representation can provide a framework for lossy image compression, with signal/noise ratios far superior to those provided by a standard JPEG algorithm. The approach can also accommodate precision based progressive coding. We show the results of increasing the priority of encoding a selected region of interest in a bit-stream describing a multiresolution image representation.
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