Microwave photonics can provide superior advantages towards ultra-wideband wireless communications. In this work,
we present an integration platform for 72GHz photodiode based wireless transmitter. The placement and positioning of
discrete LNA and PA components, the bias-tee design parameters of photodiode, LNA and PA, and the design
parameters for low-loss transition from CPW output of amplified electrical signal at the output of PA to E-band WR12
rectangular waveguide have to be carefully determined. We present general design principles of 72GHz photodiode
integration platform. Further, we compare different substrates, which have been implemented into the platform, based on
numerical results.
High data rate photonic wireless systems operating at millimeter wave carrier frequencies are considered as a disruptive
technology e.g. for reach extension in optical access networks and for mobile backhauling. Recently, we demonstrated
60 GHz photonic wireless systems with record data rates up to 27 Gbit/s. Because of the oxygen absorption at 60 GHz, it
is beneficial for fixed wireless systems with spans exceeding 1 km to operate at even higher frequencies. Here, the
recently regulated 10 GHz bandwidth within the E-band (60-90 GHz) is of particular interest, covering the 71-76 GHz
and 81-86 GHz allocations for multi-gigabit wireless transmission. For this purpose, wideband waveguide photodetectors
with high external quantum efficiency are required.
Here, we report on double mushroom 1.55 μm waveguide photodetectors for integration in an E-band wireless
transmitter module. The developed photodetector consists of a partially p-doped, partly non-intentionally doped
absorbing layer centered in a mushroom-type optical waveguide, overcoming the compromise between the junction
capacitance and the series resistance. For efficient fiber-chip coupling, a second mushroom-type passive optical
waveguide is used. In contrast to the conventional shallow ridge waveguide approach, the mushroom-type passive
waveguide allows to shift the center of the optical mode further away from the top surface, thus reducing waveguide
losses due to the surface roughness. Experimentally, a very flat frequency response with a deviation up to ±1 dB in the
entire E-band has been found together with an output power level of -15.7 dBm at 10 mA photocurrent and at a
frequency of 73 GHz.
The paper reviews the state-of-the-art in high-frequency photodetectors for THz generation and
compares optical heterodyne THz generation with existing electrical and optical approaches.
A heterogeneous wireless/wireline optical transmission link using a reflection type electroabsorption transceiver (R-EAT) is presented. Simultaneous transmission of full-duplex broadband wireless LAN (WLAN) channels and 1Gb/s base band data is experimentally demonstrated. The system link employs sub-carrier multiplexing (SCM) and two optical channels for full duplex transmission of various analog WLAN channels and downlink digital base band data. The developed link architecture is suitable for simultaneous transmission of broadband wireline and wireless signals, it enables the coexistence and interoperability between wireline and wireless access technologies. The developed R-EAT component employed in this wireline/wireless access system, features "single-chip-component" base stations in access networks with star type topology where only a single optical fiber is used for bidirectional optical transmission. The R-EAT can be used within the optical C-band (1530- 1560nm) and is suitable for (D)WDM networks. Bit error rate measurements demonstrate the capabilities of the R-EAT for 1Gb/s base band transmission. The analog performance for WLAN transmission is characterised by a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of more than 75dB and 90dB for uplink and downlink transmission, respectively. The link gain for uplink and downlink transmission is -42dB and -37dB, respectively. The demonstrates the analog performances of the R-EAT for being used in wireless access networks such as W-LAN.
This paper will report on continuous (sub-)millimetre-wave (cw) generation by photomixing two laser signals at around 1.55μm in ultrafast InAlAs/InGaAs(P) travelling-wave photodetectors (TW-PD). At first TW-PD's are characterised up to 160GHz mm-wave frequency using conventional MMW equipment. Further, photonic THz transmitters with integrated planar slot and bow-tie antenna structures for quasi optical free space coupling will be presented. Resonant slot antenna coupled TW-PD exhibit sufficient power for replacing the 460GHz solid-state-LO of an SIS-based heterodyne receiver while the equivalent device with integrated bow-tie antenna operates in a very broadband frequency range between 20 and 620GHz. Next we report on waveguide coupled TW-PD's and show experimental results in a wide frequency range, up to 1THz. Finally, several low-cost strategies for enhancing the available power as well as the efficiency will be presented.
This paper reviews some recent developments of high-speed millimeter-wave photonic components and their application in millimeter-wave fiber-wireless systems. In particular, this paper is concerned with waveguide transceiver elements designed for simultaneous modulation and photodetection at mm-wave frequencies, where the transceiver concept is based upon electroabsorption in multiple-quantum wells. The fabrication procedure of such 1.55 micrometers electroabsorption transceivers (EAT) on InP substrates in briefly reported and the successful employment of mm-wave EATs in a 60-GHZ fiber- wireless network is demonstrated. Furthermore, a 60-GHz mm- wave band point-to-point fiber-wireless link architecture employing an EAT is presented and full-duplex broadband transmission within the 60-GHz band is experimentally achieved.
A key issue in hybrid integration of optical waveguidc devices such as plU)todiOdes, modulators or semiconductor optical amplifiers is efficient coupling of light from a fiber into (lie waveguide device. Typically, a coupling loss of 7dB occurs when a cleaved single mode fiber (SME) is used for direct coupling toa waveguide device. This large value arises from the fact that the circular modal spot (diameter about I Op iii) of the SME I Op iii is poorly matched to the small (I —3pm) elliptical mode profile of a semiconductor wavcguide structure Major improvements can he achieved by introduction of mode profile transformers such as integrated spot size converter (SSC) Ij, the employment of micro lenses 121, or tapered fibers 31. Among these approaches, the most straightforward solution to increase the coupling efficiency is to employ tapered or lcnsed SMEs is spot size reducer. 'Ibis technique neither requires sophisticated fabrication techniques nor additional lcnses. In this paper. we report on the fabrication of low—loss tapered SMI"s will] mode field diameters( MFDs) as small as 0.8 pm. Improved coupling efficiency up to 80 (3 has been achieved when coupling 1 .55piii light from tapered fibers into I .55 pm InGaAsP/InP waveguide modulators and photodetectors
Recently, lightwave systems have attracted great interest not only for digital optical communication but also for the distribution of microwave and mm-wave signals in wireless applications. Future wireless communication networks are expected to offer broadband multimedia services to a large number of subscribers. As a consequence, the radio frequency is expected to be within the mm-wave band where a sufficient bandwidth for the large number of broadband channels is available. Since the electrical transmission of the mm-wave radio signals over long distances is not feasible, fiber-wireless systems have attracted great interest. They are considered to form the backbone of future broadband mm-wave wireless communication systems. Obviously, the successful implementation of mm-wave wireless communication networks in mass-market applications strongly depends on the costs of the infrastructure. In that respect, specially the cost of each single base station (BS) is a very critical factor since future wireless networks are expected to support a large number of remote BSs. Consequently, it is of great interest to reduce the base station complexity and cost. In this paper, we present a novel photonic transceiver component and discuss its application in mm-wave fiber-wireless systems. In detail, an InP-based 1 .55im waveguide electroabsorption transceiver (EATs) is presented that serves as a modulator and a photodetector simultaneously. Besides the basic device concept and its properties, the employment of high-speed EAT in 60GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) fiber-wireless applications is experimentally demonstrated. For the first time, full-duplex broadband (155.52Mbit/s) fiber-optic transmission in the 60GHz band has been achieved in a point-to-point link. Furthermore, a point-to-multipoint fiber-ring network architecture employing EAT is presented and in a first experiment full-duplex point-to-multipoint operation in the 60GHz band is experimentally demonstrated.
The concept of a remote optical sensor system for frequency selective electric field measurements will be presented. The system will be applicable to field measurement problems up to frequencies in the microwave regime. Additionally, it will provide minimum interference with the measured field, due to the optical fiber coupled sensor head. The electrooptic key components within the head of this sensor system are an array of photovoltaic cells and an electroabsorption waveguide modulator. Based on experimental results these components will be discussed and evaluated for the application within the sensor system. Furthermore, a novel fiber modulator coupling technique employing the monolithic integration of the device with InP V-grooves will be presented.
In this paper, the concept of a hybrid integrated optical sensor system for frequency selective electric field measurement will be presented. The sensor system will be applicable to E-field measurement problems up to frequencies in the microwave regime. It will provide minimum interference with the measured electric field, since the detected signal is transferred into the optical domain within the sensor head which is connected to the read-out via EMI free optical fibers. The key components within the sensor head area a planar antenna connected to a 1.55 micrometers InGaAs/InAlAs waveguide electro-absorption (EA) modulator via a low-power transimpedance amplifier based on GaAs MESFET technology. In order to avoid interference with the measured electric field, the transimpedance amplifier is powered by optical means using an array of photovoltaic cells on GaAs substrate for high-efficient power conversion at 850 nm wavelength. Based on numerical and experimental result the key components will be discussed and evaluated for the application within the sensor system. Furthermore, a novel and flexible technique for fiber-chip coupling will be presented, employing the integration of InP V-grooves with the waveguide EA-modulator.
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