Dr. Andrew Szentgyorgyi Profile

Dr. Andrew Szentgyorgyi

Associate Director at Harvard Smithsonian Ctr for Astrophysics

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (46)

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

The MANIFEST prototyping design study

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Prototyping, Spectrographs, Optical instrument design, Optical instrument design, Cameras, Interfaces, Connectors, Metrology, Glasses, Galactic astronomy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

Proc. SPIE. 9904, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Exoplanets, Stars, Satellites, Planets, Cameras, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Space operations, Charge-coupled devices, Observatories

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF): an optical Echelle spectrograph for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT)

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Telescopes, Cameras, Calibration, Lamps, Interfaces, Fiber science, Light sources, Optical design, Mirrors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

The opto-mechanical design of the GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF)

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Telescopes, Optical mounts, Space telescopes, Cameras, Calibration, Temperature metrology, Control systems, Mirrors, Optical benches

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The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is a fiber-fed, optical echelle spectrograph selected as the first light instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) now under construction at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. G-CLEF has been designed to be a general-purpose echelle spectrograph with precision radial velocity (PRV) capability for exoplanet detection. The radial velocity (RV) precision goal of G-CLEF is 10 cm/sec, necessary for detection of Earth-sized exoplanets. This goal imposes challenging stability requirements on the optical mounts and the overall spectrograph support structures especially when considering the instrument’s operational environment. The accuracy of G-CLEF’s PRV measurements will be influenced by minute changes in temperature and ambient air pressure as well as vibrations and micro gravity-vector variations caused by normal telescope slewing. For these reasons we have chosen to enclose G-CLEF’s spectrograph in a well-insulated, vibration isolated vacuum chamber in a gravity invariant location on GMT’s azimuth platform. Additional design constraints posed by the GMT telescope include: a limited space envelope, a thermal emission ceiling, and a maximum weight allowance. Other factors, such as manufacturability, serviceability, available technology and budget are also significant design drivers. All of the above considerations must be managed while ensuring performance requirements are achieved. In this paper, we discuss the design of G-CLEF’s optical mounts and support structures including the choice of a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) carbon-fiber optical bench to minimize the system’s sensitivity to thermal soaks and gradients. We discuss design choices made to the vacuum chamber geared towards minimize the influence of daily ambient pressure variations on image motion during observation. We discuss the design of G-CLEF’s insulated enclosure and thermal control systems which will maintain the spectrograph at milli-Kelvin level stability while simultaneously limiting thermal emissions into the telescope dome. Also discussed are micro gravity-vector variations caused by normal telescope slewing, their uncorrected influence on image motion, and how they are dealt with in the design. Finally, we discuss G-CLEF’s front-end assembly and fiber-feed system as well as other interface challenges presented by the telescope, enclosure and neighboring instrumentation.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

The prototype cameras for trans-Neptunian automatic occultation survey

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Sensors, Copper indium disulfide, Prototyping, CMOS sensors, Telescopes, Control systems, Signal processing, Imaging systems, Electronics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

Opto-mechanical design of the G-CLEF flexure control camera system

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Mirrors, Telescopes, Sensors, Lenses, Collimators, Space telescopes, CCD cameras, Optical filters, Prisms

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

Instrumentation progress at the Giant Magellan Telescope project

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Astronomical imaging, Optical design, Spectrographs, Astronomical imaging, Mirrors, Stars, Galactic astronomy, Neodymium, Astronomy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 9, 2016

The optical design of the G-CLEF Spectrograph: the first light instrument for the GMT

Proc. SPIE. 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Cameras, Optical fibers, Telescopes, Mirrors, Optical design, Optical components, Sensors, Reflection, Collimators

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 27, 2016

Status of the Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II)

Proc. SPIE. 9906, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VI

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Space telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Diffraction, Cameras, Scanning probe microscopy, Design for manufacturing, Astronomy, Sensors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2016

Advanced structural design for precision radial velocity instruments

Proc. SPIE. 9912, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II

KEYWORDS: Optical benches, Spectrographs, Optical design, Composites, Telescopes, Structural design, Finite element methods, Thermography, Sensors, Optical components

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The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is an echelle spectrograph with precision radial velocity (PRV) capability that will be a first light instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). G-CLEF has a PRV precision goal of 40 cm/sec (10 cm/s for multiple measurements) to enable detection of Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zones of sun-like stars¹. This precision is a primary driver of G-CLEF’s structural design. Extreme stability is necessary to minimize image motions at the CCD detectors. Minute changes in temperature, pressure, and acceleration environments cause structural deformations, inducing image motions which degrade PRV precision. The instrument’s structural design will ensure that the PRV goal is achieved under the environments G-CLEF will be subjected to as installed on the GMT azimuth platform, including:

Millikelvin (0.001 °K) thermal soaks and gradients

10 millibar changes in ambient pressure

Changes in acceleration due to instrument tip/tilt and telescope slewing Carbon fiber/cyanate composite was selected for the optical bench structure in order to meet performance goals. Low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and high stiffness-to-weight are key features of the composite optical bench design. Manufacturability and serviceability of the instrument are also drivers of the design.

In this paper, we discuss analyses leading to technical choices made to minimize G-CLEF’s sensitivity to changing environments. Finite element analysis (FEA) and image motion sensitivity studies were conducted to determine PRV performance under operational environments. We discuss the design of the optical bench structure to optimize stiffness-to-weight and minimize deformations due to inertial and pressure effects. We also discuss quasi-kinematic mounting of optical elements and assemblies, and optimization of these to ensure minimal image motion under thermal, pressure, and inertial loads expected during PRV observations.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2016

An astro-comb calibrated solar telescope to search for the radial velocity signature of Venus

Proc. SPIE. 9912, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II

KEYWORDS: Solar telescopes, Sun, Calibration, Exoplanets, Spectrographs, Venus, Spectral calibration, Integrating spheres, Telescopes, Cameras

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SPIE Journal Paper | April 21, 2015

Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array I: design, commissioning, and early photometric results

Swift, Jonathan , Bottom, Michael , Johnson, John , Wright, Jason , McCrady, Nate , Wittenmeyer, Rob , Plavchan, Peter , Riddle, Reed , Muirhead, Philip , Herzig, Erich , Myles, Justin , Blake, Cullen , Eastman, Jason , Beatty, Thomas , Barnes, Stuart , Gibson, Steven , Lin, Brian , Zhao, Ming , Gardner, Paul , Falco, Emilio , Criswell, Stephen , Nava, Chantanelle , Robinson, Connor , Sliski, David , Hedrick, Richard , Ivarsen, Kevin , Hjelstrom, Annie , de Vera, Jon , Szentgyorgyi, Andrew

JATIS Vol. 1 Issue 02

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Planets, Stars, Cameras, Exoplanets, Spectrographs, Optical fibers, Photometry, Space telescopes, Astronomy

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SPIE Journal Paper | October 24, 2014

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

Ricker, George , Winn, Joshua , Vanderspek, Roland , Latham, David , Bakos, Gáspár , Bean, Jacob , Berta-Thompson, Zachory , Brown, Timothy , Buchhave, Lars , Butler, Nathaniel , Butler, R. Paul , Chaplin, William , Charbonneau, David , Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen , Clampin, Mark , Deming, Drake , Doty, John , De Lee, Nathan , Dressing, Courtney , Dunham, Edward , Endl, Michael , Fressin, François , Ge, Jian , Henning, Thomas , Holman, Matthew , Howard, Andrew , Ida, Shigeru , Jenkins, Jon , Jernigan, Garrett , Johnson, John Asher , Kaltenegger, Lisa , Kawai, Nobuyuki , Kjeldsen, Hans , Laughlin, Gregory , Levine, Alan , Lin, Douglas , Lissauer, Jack , MacQueen, Phillip , Marcy, Geoffrey , McCullough, Peter , Morton, Timothy , Narita, Norio , Paegert, Martin , Palle, Enric , Pepe, Francesco , Pepper, Joshua , Quirrenbach, Andreas , Rinehart, Stephen , Sasselov, Dimitar , Sato, Bun’ei , Seager, Sara , Sozzetti, Alessandro , Stassun, Keivan , Sullivan, Peter , Szentgyorgyi, Andrew , Torres, Guillermo , Udry, Stephane , Villasenor, Joel

JATIS Vol. 1 Issue 01

KEYWORDS: Stars, Planets, Exoplanets, Space operations, Satellites, Cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Space telescopes, James Webb Space Telescope, Observatories

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 28, 2014

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)

Proc. SPIE. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

KEYWORDS: Stars, Planets, Space operations, Cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Space telescopes, Exoplanets, Observatories, James Webb Space Telescope, Sensors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | August 6, 2014

The opto-mechanical design of the GMT-consortium large earth finder (G-CLEF)

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Cameras, Optical mounts, Composites, Temperature metrology, Mirrors, Control systems, Optical benches

Read Abstract

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is a fiber fed, optical echelle spectrograph that has been selected as a first light instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) currently under construction at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile’s Atacama desert region. We designed G-CLEF as a general-purpose echelle spectrograph with precision radial velocity (PRV) capability used for exoplanet detection. The radial velocity (RV) precision goal of GCLEF is 10 cm/sec, necessary for detection of Earth-sized planets orbiting stars like our Sun in the habitable zone. This goal imposes challenging stability requirements on the optical mounts and the overall spectrograph support structures. Stability in instruments of this type is typically affected by changes in temperature, orientation, and air pressure as well as vibrations caused by telescope tracking. For these reasons, we have chosen to enclose G-CLEF’s spectrograph in a thermally insulated, vibration isolated vacuum chamber and place it at a gravity invariant location on GMT’s azimuth platform. Additional design constraints posed by the GMT telescope include: a limited space envelope, a thermal emission ceiling, and a maximum weight allowance. Other factors, such as manufacturability, serviceability, available technology and budget are also significant design drivers. All of the previously listed considerations must be managed while ensuring that performance requirements are achieved. In this paper, we discuss the design of G-CLEF’s optical mounts and support structures including technical choices made to minimize the system’s sensitivity to thermal gradients. A more general treatment of the properties of G-CLEF can be found elsewhere in these proceedings1. We discuss the design of the vacuum chamber which houses the irregularly shaped optical bench and optics while conforming to a challenging space envelope on GMT’s azimuth platform. We also discuss the design of G-CLEF’s insulated enclosure and thermal control systems which maintain the spectrograph at milli-Kelvin level stability while simultaneously limiting the maximum thermal emission into the telescope dome environment. Finally, we discuss G-CLEF’s front-end assembly and fiber-feed system as well as other interface challenges presented by the telescope, enclosure and neighboring instrumentation.

PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2014

A novel systems engineering approach to the design of a precision radial velocity spectrograph: the GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF)

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Calibration, Telescopes, Error analysis, Velocity measurements, Sensors, Adaptive optics, Cameras, Mirrors, Space telescopes

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2014

Green astro-comb for HARPS-N

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Spectrographs, Optical filters, Charge-coupled devices, Frequency combs, Linear filtering, Mirrors, Dispersion, Spectral calibration, Photonic crystal fibers

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2014

A preliminary design for the GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF)

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Telescopes, Stars, Mirrors, Calibration, Exoplanets, Adaptive optics, Cameras, Interfaces, Optical design

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2014

Status of the instrumentation program for the Giant Magellan Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Spectrographs, Telescopes, Mirrors, Stars, Space telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Spectral resolution, Astronomy, Astronomical imaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2014

The G-CLEF spectrograph optical design

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Spectrographs, Cameras, Collimators, Optical design, Telescopes, Point spread functions, Sensors, Observatories, Spectral resolution

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 28, 2014

High speed wide field CMOS camera for Transneptunian Automatic Occultation Survey

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Cameras, CMOS sensors, Stars, Sensors, Telescopes, Control systems, Field programmable gate arrays, Electronics, Signal processing, Charge-coupled devices

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 23, 2014

Finite-differences model to predict temperatures on cryogenic focal plane arrays: first laboratory results

Proc. SPIE. 9154, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI

KEYWORDS: Fused deposition modeling, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Cryogenics, Thermal modeling, Charge-coupled devices, Design for manufacturing, CCD image sensors, Transmission electron microscopy, Advanced distributed simulations

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 22, 2014

Status of the Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II)

Proc. SPIE. 9145, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes V

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Space telescopes, Cameras, Imaging systems, Signal to noise ratio, Mirrors, Scanning probe microscopy, Sun, Roads

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 8, 2014

PISCO: the Parallel Imager for Southern Cosmology Observations

Proc. SPIE. 9147, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Telescopes, Imaging systems, Collimators, Electroluminescent displays, Camera shutters, Control systems, Prisms, Galactic astronomy, Electronics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | October 5, 2012

The GMT-CfA, Carnegie, Catolica, Chicago Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF): a general purpose optical echelle spectrograph for the GMT with precision radial velocity capability

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Cameras, Telescopes, Calibration, Optical design, Interfaces, Molybdenum, Lenses, Charge-coupled devices, Mirrors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

The F/5 instrumentation suite for the Clay Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Mirrors, Charge-coupled devices, Space telescopes, Interfaces, Observatories, Lanthanum, Camera shutters, Optical instrument design

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Harps-N: the new planet hunter at TNG

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Spectrographs, Optical fibers, Charge-coupled devices, Telescopes, Stars, Sensors, Control systems, Lamps, Planets

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

High-resolution Fourier transform spectrograph for characterization of echelle spectrograph wavelength calibrators

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Calibration, Spectrographs, Signal to noise ratio, Interferometers, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Lamps, Collimation, Mirrors, Thorium

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Green astro-comb for HARPS-N

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Calibration, Exoplanets, Optical filters, Continuous wave operation, Linear filtering, Mirrors, Fourier transforms, Stars, Photonic crystal fibers

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

The instrument development and selection process for the Giant Magellan Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Telescopes, Spectroscopy, Stars, Adaptive optics, Imaging systems, Mirrors, Wavefront sensors, Galactic astronomy, Computer aided design

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 24, 2012

Calibration of an echelle spectrograph with an astro-comb: a laser frequency comb with very high repetition rate

Proc. SPIE. 8446, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Calibration, Spectral calibration, Frequency combs, Semiconductor lasers, Phase modulation, Light, Charge-coupled devices, Laser stabilization, Planets

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 17, 2012

The Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II)

Proc. SPIE. 8444, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IV

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Space telescopes, Imaging systems, Signal to noise ratio, Mirrors, Cameras, Scanning probe microscopy, Sun, Observatories

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 13, 2012

Tunable laser techniques for improving the precision of observational astronomy

Proc. SPIE. 8450, Modern Technologies in Space- and Ground-based Telescopes and Instrumentation II

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Tunable lasers, Sensors, Spectrographs, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Astronomy, Spectral calibration, Laser applications, Space telescopes

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 20, 2010

Astro-comb calibration of an Echelle Spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 7735, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy III

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Spectrographs, Charge-coupled devices, Semiconductor lasers, Near infrared, Spectral calibration, Signal to noise ratio, Exoplanets, Telescopes, Femtosecond phenomena

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 15, 2010

Science instrument development for the Giant Magellan Telescope

Proc. SPIE. 7735, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy III

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Stars, Galactic astronomy, Space telescopes, Spatial resolution, Astronomy, Spectrographs, Planets, Mirrors, Adaptive optics

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 9, 2008

Deploying comb and tunable lasers to enable precision radial velocity surveys

Proc. SPIE. 7014, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Spectrographs, Lamps, Tunable lasers, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Laser development, Precision calibration, Astronomy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | September 30, 2004

The 6.5-m MMT's f/5 wide-field optics and instruments

Proc. SPIE. 5492, Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Spectrographs, Stars, Charge-coupled devices, Telescopes, Mirrors, Imaging spectroscopy, Glasses, Spectroscopes, Wavefront sensors

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 7, 2003

Cross-dispersion and an integral field unit for Hectochelle

Proc. SPIE. 4841, Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/Infrared Ground-based Telescopes

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Prisms, Robotics, Spectral resolution, Charge-coupled devices, Glasses, Astronomical imaging, Optical fibers, Cameras, Spectroscopy

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 9, 1998

Mosaicked echelle grating support for the Hectochelle fiber-fed spectrograph

Proc. SPIE. 3355, Optical Astronomical Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Optical design, Zerodur, Spectrographs, Image segmentation, Temperature metrology, Kinematics, Finite element methods, Optical benches, Connectors, Collimation

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 9, 1998

Hectochelle: a multiobject echelle spectrograph for the converted MMT

Proc. SPIE. 3355, Optical Astronomical Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Mirrors, Optical filters, Cameras, Optical components, Astronomical imaging, Charge-coupled devices, Stars, Optical benches, Interfaces

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | July 9, 1998

Construction of the Hectospec: 300 optical fiber-fed spectrograph for the converted MMT

Proc. SPIE. 3355, Optical Astronomical Instrumentation

KEYWORDS: Spectrographs, Optical fibers, Cameras, Telescopes, Robots, CCD cameras, Mirrors, Space telescopes, Calibration, Charge-coupled devices

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | March 25, 1996

Wide-field CCD imager for the 6.5-m MMT telescope

Proc. SPIE. 2654, Solid State Sensor Arrays and CCD Cameras

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems, Telescopes, Mirrors, Cameras, Stars, Optical amplifiers, Electronics, Image quality, Packaging

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 1, 1994

Optical design of astronomical telescopes with large-scale computational methods by distributed processing on local area networks

Proc. SPIE. 2198, Instrumentation in Astronomy VIII

KEYWORDS: Local area networks, Optical design, Ray tracing, Optimization (mathematics), Algorithms, Annealing, Astronomical telescopes, Software development, Grazing incidence, Data communications

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 1, 1994

Design and performance of four-reflection optics for x-ray astronomy

Proc. SPIE. 2198, Instrumentation in Astronomy VIII

KEYWORDS: Reflection, Optical components, Chemical elements, X-ray optics, Telescopes, X-ray telescopes, Optical instrument design, Grazing incidence, Ray tracing, Space telescopes

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | June 1, 1994

Hectospec: a 300-optical-fiber spectrograph for the converted MMT

Proc. SPIE. 2198, Instrumentation in Astronomy VIII

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Spectrographs, Cameras, Galactic astronomy, Mirrors, Astronomical imaging, Telescopes, Robots, Collimation, Prisms

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PROCEEDINGS ARTICLE | January 21, 1993

Surface finish quality of the outer AXAF mirror pair based on x-ray measurements of the VETA-I

Proc. SPIE. 1742, Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics for Astronomy and Projection Lithography

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, X-rays, Mirrors, Surface finishing, Scattering, Contamination, Surface roughness, Spatial frequencies, Error analysis, Metrology

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